A machine having one or more cylinders, each cylinder having an inner surface configured to engage a circumferential surface of a piston ring of a piston thereby defining a contact zone between the inner surface of the cylinder and the circumferential surface of the piston ring, the inner surface having at least one recess indented into the inner surface, wherein the ratio of the dimension of the recess in the direction of travel of the piston to the dimension of the contact zone in the direction of travel of the piston is in the range of approximately 1:5 to 3:5.

The present invention relates to techniques for lowering friction between moving surfaces of, for example, an internal combustion engine. Friction reduction is achieved by adding texture modifications to surfaces that come in contact with each other. Texture modifications that reduce friction in accordance with the present invention include dimples of varying geometries and depths ion the surfaces of components. The present invention also relates to the lubrication technique for applying the texture to the surfaces. In another embodiment, the patterned soft mask is applied onto a large surface (flat or curved including cylindrical rollers surfaces) to be followed by electrochemical etching to imprint the textures onto the component And, in another embodiment, a diamond-like-carbon (DLC) film may be applied to the turbine component to also reduce friction.

The present invention relates to techniques for lowering friction between moving surfaces of, for example, an internal combustion engine. Friction reduction is achieved by adding texture modifications to surfaces that come in contact with each other. Texture modifications that reduce friction in accordance with the present invention include dimples of varying geometries and depths ion the surfaces of components. The present invention also relates to the lubrication technique for applying the texture to the surfaces. In another embodiment, the patterned soft mask is applied onto a large surface (flat or curved including cylindrical rollers surfaces) to be followed by electrochemical etching to imprint the textures onto the component And, in another embodiment, a diamond-like-carbon (DLC) film may be applied to the turbine component to also reduce friction.

A structural frame is provided. The structural frame includes a bottom surface, first and second cylinder block sidewall engaging surfaces, the first and second cylinder block sidewall engaging surfaces positioned above the bottom surface at a height that is above a centerline of a crankshaft support included in a cylinder block when the structural frame is coupled to the cylinder block.

An insert that can be positioned in a gap between a first front face of a cylinder liner, the first front face facing a cylinder head, and a second front face of the cylinder head, the second front face facing the cylinder liner. The insert includes at least one compressible material.

An insert that can be positioned in a gap between a first front face of a cylinder liner, the first front face facing a cylinder head, and a second front face of the cylinder head, the second front face facing the cylinder liner. The insert includes at least one compressible material.

A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include a hollow cylindrical body. The body may include an internal surface having a longitudinal/axial length. The internal surface may be divided into at least two portions along the longitudinal/axial length. The at least two portions may respectively include a specific value of roughness and a predefined length.

A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include a hollow cylindrical body. The body may include an internal surface having a longitudinal/axial length. The internal surface may be divided into at least two portions along the longitudinal/axial length. The at least two portions may respectively include a specific value of roughness and a predefined length.

An engine cylinder block includes a cylinder block housing and a double-crankshaft mechanism installation case located at a downside of the cylinder block housing. The cylinder block housing is integrally connected with the double-crankshaft mechanism installation case. The cylinder block housing is provided with a cylinder block cavity. The double-crankshaft mechanism installation case is enclosed and formed by an end cover and a side cover. A piston rod guiding groove is installed in the double-crankshaft mechanism installation case. A connecting rod sliding groove is configured through the piston rod guiding groove. A crank operation cavity is configured on both sides of the piston rod guiding groove. A main spindle installation hole is configured on the shell at both ends of each crank operation cavity. A main spindle supporting portion is configured below the main spindle installation hole.

An engine cylinder block includes a cylinder block housing and a double-crankshaft mechanism installation case located at a downside of the cylinder block housing. The cylinder block housing is integrally connected with the double-crankshaft mechanism installation case. The cylinder block housing is provided with a cylinder block cavity. The double-crankshaft mechanism installation case is enclosed and formed by an end cover and a side cover. A piston rod guiding groove is installed in the double-crankshaft mechanism installation case. A connecting rod sliding groove is configured through the piston rod guiding groove. A crank operation cavity is configured on both sides of the piston rod guiding groove. A main spindle installation hole is configured on the shell at both ends of each crank operation cavity. A main spindle supporting portion is configured below the main spindle installation hole.