A spark-ignition internal combustion engine has an air intake tract for supplying fresh air to a combustion chamber of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine, an exhaust tract for discharging exhaust gases from the combustion chamber, and a urea introduction device having a urea injection nozzle for introducing an aqueous urea solution into the combustion chamber. The urea injection nozzle is disposed in the combustion chamber or upstream of the combustion chamber in relation to an air flow from the air intake tract into the combustion chamber.

Spark ignition engine operation at higher RPM so as to reduce alcohol requirements in high efficiency alcohol enhanced gasoline engines is disclosed. Control of engine upspeeding (use of a higher ratio of engine RPM to wheel RPM) so as to achieve an alcohol reduction objective while limiting any decrease in efficiency is described. High RPM alcohol enhanced gasoline engine operation in plug-in series hybrid powertrains for heavy duty trucks and other vehicles is also described.

Spark ignition engine operation at higher RPM so as to reduce alcohol requirements in high efficiency alcohol enhanced gasoline engines is disclosed. Control of engine upspeeding (use of a higher ratio of engine RPM to wheel RPM) so as to achieve an alcohol reduction objective while limiting any decrease in efficiency is described. High RPM alcohol enhanced gasoline engine operation in plug-in series hybrid powertrains for heavy duty trucks and other vehicles is also described.

An internal combustion engine in which when an ECU receives an engine stop command by an ON-operation of an engine stop switch, a supply of fuel from an injector to a fuel reformation chamber is stopped while a supply of fuel from an injector to a combustion chamber is continued, and the residual amount of a reformed fuel in passages is estimated, in this state. When the estimated residual amount reaches a predetermined amount or zero, the fuel supply from the injector to the combustion chamber is stopped, and an internal combustion engine is stopped.

An internal combustion engine in which when an ECU receives an engine stop command by an ON-operation of an engine stop switch, a supply of fuel from an injector to a fuel reformation chamber is stopped while a supply of fuel from an injector to a combustion chamber is continued, and the residual amount of a reformed fuel in passages is estimated, in this state. When the estimated residual amount reaches a predetermined amount or zero, the fuel supply from the injector to the combustion chamber is stopped, and an internal combustion engine is stopped.

A device for supplying a liquid at risk of freezing to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine driving a motor vehicle, is designed to convey the liquid at risk of freezing at least from a section of a supply line, through which the liquid travels from a storage container to a supply unit to the internal combustion engine, back to the storage container. In addition, an aeration valve is provided near to the supply unit and branching off from the supply line, via which the supply line is connected to the environment in the open state. When viewed in the direction of the storage container, downstream of the aeration valve, an air separation/pressure reservoir structural unit connected to the supply line is provided, which is designed to at least proportionally discharge air content out of the supply line and out of the liquid located in the supply line in a section positioned at the top in the mounted state, and to act as a pressure reservoir acting on the liquid in the supply line.

A device for supplying a liquid at risk of freezing to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine driving a motor vehicle, is designed to convey the liquid at risk of freezing at least from a section of a supply line, through which the liquid travels from a storage container to a supply unit to the internal combustion engine, back to the storage container. In addition, an aeration valve is provided near to the supply unit and branching off from the supply line, via which the supply line is connected to the environment in the open state. When viewed in the direction of the storage container, downstream of the aeration valve, an air separation/pressure reservoir structural unit connected to the supply line is provided, which is designed to at least proportionally discharge air content out of the supply line and out of the liquid located in the supply line in a section positioned at the top in the mounted state, and to act as a pressure reservoir acting on the liquid in the supply line.

A homogeneous charge compression ignition free-piston linear generator is disclosed. The linear generator includes a housing having cylinders at opposite ends. A double-ended piston assembly is to move linearly in the housing to convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and to enable conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly. Sensors measure one or more states of the cylinders and/or piston assembly, and a controller controls the linear generator based on the sensor data.

A sealing cartridge (18) for an injector of an internal combustion engine seals a medium-filled first chamber (6) and a medium-filled second chamber (7). The chambers (6, 7) are between an injector (1) that is movable axially along an injector axis (9) and a housing (2) receives the injector (1). The sealing cartridge (18) is configured to receive the injector (1). The sealing cartridge (18) has at least one seal (11; 20) disposed in a receptacle housing (19) of the sealing cartridge (18). The receptacle housing (19) has a first housing portion (29) configured to receive the seal (11; 20) on the shell face (31) of the receptacle housing (19), and a second housing portion (30) configured to receive the seal (11; 20) on an internal face (25). An injector assembly (38) also is provided and has an injector (1) that is received in the sealing cartridge (18).

A sealing cartridge (18) for an injector of an internal combustion engine seals a medium-filled first chamber (6) and a medium-filled second chamber (7). The chambers (6, 7) are between an injector (1) that is movable axially along an injector axis (9) and a housing (2) receives the injector (1). The sealing cartridge (18) is configured to receive the injector (1). The sealing cartridge (18) has at least one seal (11; 20) disposed in a receptacle housing (19) of the sealing cartridge (18). The receptacle housing (19) has a first housing portion (29) configured to receive the seal (11; 20) on the shell face (31) of the receptacle housing (19), and a second housing portion (30) configured to receive the seal (11; 20) on an internal face (25). An injector assembly (38) also is provided and has an injector (1) that is received in the sealing cartridge (18).