A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

An apparatus for use with a combustion apparatus and an associated Selective Catalytic Reduction (‘SCR’) device, comprises a temperature sensing device configured to measure the temperature of an exhaust from the combustion apparatus; and an injection unit configured to inject hydrogen into a feed of oxidizer to the combustion apparatus. An amount of hydrogen is added to an oxidiser feed of the combustion apparatus sufficient to reach a temperature in the exhaust of at least about 270° C.

A water-conveying module for injecting water into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a conveying unit, which has a pump for conveying the water from a tank. The water can be conveyed by the pump to an injection point along a dosing line. The conveying unit has a water outlet through which water is conveyed out of the conveying unit. The water outlet is formed by a connection plug onto which the dosing line can be plugged, Water can be conveyed from the conveying unit into the dosing line along the connection plug that has a section which can be flowed through by the water and which is part of the fluid line from the conveying unit to the dosing line.

A water-conveying module for injecting water into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a conveying unit, which has a pump for conveying the water from a tank. The water can be conveyed by the pump to an injection point along a dosing line. The conveying unit has a water outlet through which water is conveyed out of the conveying unit. The water outlet is formed by a connection plug onto which the dosing line can be plugged, Water can be conveyed from the conveying unit into the dosing line along the connection plug that has a section which can be flowed through by the water and which is part of the fluid line from the conveying unit to the dosing line.

Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a substitution ratio based on water in a combustion mixture of a multi-fuel engine. In one example, a method includes adjusting a substitution ratio in response to an amount of water provided to a multi-fuel engine configured to combust a first fuel and a second fuel, the second fuel different than the first fuel.

An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

A fluid-conveying device for conveying a fluid, such as in particular water, from a tank. The fluid can be conveyed along a dosing line to an injection point by a pump, wherein the dosing line is attached at a pressure side of the pump by a connection plug which is attached to an outlet line. The fluid-conveying device has at least one first valve, which is preloaded by a spring and which is configured to prevent a fluid flow from the dosing line to the outlet line and which is furthermore configured to permit the fluid flow from the outlet line to the dosing line if a predefined minimum pressure p1 is reached on that side of the first valve which faces toward the outlet opening.

The present invention relates to a heater for a vehicle system for injecting anaqueous solution in an air intake line upstream of a combustion chamber of aninternal combustion engine, or in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, said heater comprising at least one flexible part which comprises at least one metallic resistive track embedded in an insulating material, said insulating material comprising at least one antimicrobial compound and/or being coated by at least one layer containing at least one antimicrobial compound. The invention relates also to a vehicle system for injecting an aqueous solution in an air intake line upstream of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, or in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine comprising said heater.

Spark ignition engine operation at higher RPM so as to reduce alcohol requirements in high efficiency alcohol enhanced gasoline engines is disclosed. Control of engine upspeeding (use of a higher ratio of engine RPM to wheel RPM) so as to achieve an alcohol reduction objective while limiting any decrease in efficiency is described. High RPM alcohol enhanced gasoline engine operation in plug-in series hybrid powertrains for heavy duty trucks and other vehicles is also described.

Spark ignition engine operation at higher RPM so as to reduce alcohol requirements in high efficiency alcohol enhanced gasoline engines is disclosed. Control of engine upspeeding (use of a higher ratio of engine RPM to wheel RPM) so as to achieve an alcohol reduction objective while limiting any decrease in efficiency is described. High RPM alcohol enhanced gasoline engine operation in plug-in series hybrid powertrains for heavy duty trucks and other vehicles is also described.