Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

An exhaust after-treatment system for treating an exhaust produced by an engine. The exhaust after-treatment system includes an exhaust passage, at least one catalytic exhaust after-treatment component in communication with the exhaust passage for treating the exhaust, and a water-removal device in communication with the exhaust passage that receives a portion of the exhaust therein at a location positioned upstream from the catalytic exhaust after-treatment component. The water-removal device is defined by a housing that includes a water-removal membrane that separates water from the portion of the exhaust to provide a permeate that is enriched with water, and to produce a retentate that is water depleted that facilitates the treating of the exhaust by the catalytic exhaust after-treatment component.

Provided is a method for enabling high-density air to be efficiently manufactured without unnecessarily increasing the pressure and temperature. A method for manufacturing high-density air according to the present invention includes: mixing raw air A with fine water particles W to generate water-containing air A1 having a lower pressure than the raw air A; supplementing the water-containing air A1 with a differential pressure between the pressure of the raw air A and the pressure of the water-containing air A1; and consequently promoting vaporization of the fine water particles W in the water-containing air A1 and reducing the volume of the water-containing air A1 to manufacture high-density air A2. The density of air can be efficiently increased with this method.

Various embodiments describe modifications to X-engines, which would utilize a dedicated chamber to implement bottoming Rankine cycle as well as additional improvements in sealing, combustion efficiencyall contributing to high efficiency.