In an intake apparatus of an internal combustion engine, an EGR gas inlet port of each of plural EGR gas distribution pipes is provided at a position at which a volume of an intake port from a surge tank to the EGR gas inlet port is equal to or greater than a volume of an EGR gas introduced to an intake pipe from each of the EGR gas distribution pipes during one cycle of the internal combustion engine and at a position towards the surge tank relative to a center of the intake port in a flow direction thereof.

In an intake apparatus of an internal combustion engine, an EGR gas inlet port of each of plural EGR gas distribution pipes is provided at a position at which a volume of an intake port from a surge tank to the EGR gas inlet port is equal to or greater than a volume of an EGR gas introduced to an intake pipe from each of the EGR gas distribution pipes during one cycle of the internal combustion engine and at a position towards the surge tank relative to a center of the intake port in a flow direction thereof.

An EGR cooler in the disclosure includes: a gas path configured to allow an EGR gas to flow; a refrigerant path configured to perform heat exchange between the EGR gas circulating along the gas path and a refrigerant; an exothermic body containing portion configured such that an exothermic body to generate heat by adsorbing a predetermined working gas is contained within the EGR cooler and at least a part of the exothermic body contacts with a wall surface of the gas path; a working gas tank in which the working gas is stored; and a gas moving apparatus configured to move the working gas stored in the working gas tank, from the working gas tank to the exothermic body containing portion.

An EGR cooler in the disclosure includes: a gas path configured to allow an EGR gas to flow; a refrigerant path configured to perform heat exchange between the EGR gas circulating along the gas path and a refrigerant; an exothermic body containing portion configured such that an exothermic body to generate heat by adsorbing a predetermined working gas is contained within the EGR cooler and at least a part of the exothermic body contacts with a wall surface of the gas path; a working gas tank in which the working gas is stored; and a gas moving apparatus configured to move the working gas stored in the working gas tank, from the working gas tank to the exothermic body containing portion.

An engine system including an engine is disclosed. The engine includes a combustion chamber having an intake port and an exhaust port, a piston movably disposed in the combustion chamber, and a prechamber adjacent to and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The engine system further includes an exhaust line fluidly connected to the exhaust port, a storage tank fluidly connected to the prechamber via a purge line, and a prechamber valve provided along the purge line.

An engine system including an engine is disclosed. The engine includes a combustion chamber having an intake port and an exhaust port, a piston movably disposed in the combustion chamber, and a prechamber adjacent to and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The engine system further includes an exhaust line fluidly connected to the exhaust port, a storage tank fluidly connected to the prechamber via a purge line, and a prechamber valve provided along the purge line.

Disclosed are two system devices for stratified injecting the recirculated exhaust gas and high-specific-heat-capacity or inert gas for clean combustion of an internal combustion engine. The former is composed of an exhaust gas recirculation system, an injection system, and a power system. The latter is composed of four parts, and a high-specific-heat-capacity gas or inert gas channel is added. Injectors can be arranged at any position in the cylinder between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of a piston in a cylinder; 1-3 layers of injectors can be arranged; and 2-6 injectors can be arranged on each layer. Gas participating in combustion enters the cylinder from two intake channels, namely, a scavenging port of the internal combustion engine and the injectors; an in-cylinder swirl ratio can be remarkably increased through kinetic energy carried by the gas; and fuel-gas mixing is promoted, and the combustion rate is increased.

Disclosed are two system devices for stratified injecting the recirculated exhaust gas and high-specific-heat-capacity or inert gas for clean combustion of an internal combustion engine. The former is composed of an exhaust gas recirculation system, an injection system, and a power system. The latter is composed of four parts, and a high-specific-heat-capacity gas or inert gas channel is added. Injectors can be arranged at any position in the cylinder between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of a piston in a cylinder; 1-3 layers of injectors can be arranged; and 2-6 injectors can be arranged on each layer. Gas participating in combustion enters the cylinder from two intake channels, namely, a scavenging port of the internal combustion engine and the injectors; an in-cylinder swirl ratio can be remarkably increased through kinetic energy carried by the gas; and fuel-gas mixing is promoted, and the combustion rate is increased.

A method and apparatus for the oxy-combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle includes one or more air separation devices that separate oxygen from the atmospheric air to mix with the fuel and return the nitrogen to the atmosphere and converts the free energy available in the form of waste heat from the engine exhaust gas stream and coolant system on board the vehicle into electrical and/or mechanical energy, which energy is used to separate oxygen from air to eliminate or significantly reduce the volume of nitrogen entering the ICE's combustion chamber, and thereby reduce NO.sub.x pollutants released into the atmosphere and increase the concentration of CO.sub.2 in the engine exhaust stream for capture using an integrated system to compress and increase the density of the captured CO.sub.2 for temporary on-board storage until it is discharged at a recovery station, e.g., during vehicle refueling.

A method and apparatus for the oxy-combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle includes one or more air separation devices that separate oxygen from the atmospheric air to mix with the fuel and return the nitrogen to the atmosphere and converts the free energy available in the form of waste heat from the engine exhaust gas stream and coolant system on board the vehicle into electrical and/or mechanical energy, which energy is used to separate oxygen from air to eliminate or significantly reduce the volume of nitrogen entering the ICE's combustion chamber, and thereby reduce NO.sub.x pollutants released into the atmosphere and increase the concentration of CO.sub.2 in the engine exhaust stream for capture using an integrated system to compress and increase the density of the captured CO.sub.2 for temporary on-board storage until it is discharged at a recovery station, e.g., during vehicle refueling.