An oxygen separation device includes a substrate and an oxygen ion transport membrane supported on the substrate. The substrate has an air inlet end and a retentate outlet end. An intake air passageway extends through the substrate from the air inlet end to the retentate outlet end. The oxygen ion transport membrane is between the substrate and the intake air passageway and is adapted to separate oxygen atoms from the air in the intake air passageway and to transport the oxygen atoms to the substrate. The oxygen separation device collects the oxygen from the substrate for supply to an internal combustion engine for use as the gas of the gas-fuel mixture.

A fuel supply device supplying a fuel stored in a fuel tank to an engine includes a low-pressure pump configured to feed the fuel, a high-pressure pump configured to compress the fuel discharged from the low-pressure pump and to feed to the engine, a first low-pressure passage member configured to define a first fuel passage from the low-pressure pump to the high-pressure pump, and a second low-pressure passage member configured to define a second fuel passage branched from the first fuel passage at a low-pressure junction portion and joining the first fuel passage at a low-pressure confluence portion, wherein the first fuel passage and the second fuel passage are different in at least one of (i) temperatures of the fuels that flow through the fuel passages and (ii) passage lengths of the fuel passages from the low-pressure junction portion to the low-pressure confluence portion.

A fuel supply device supplying a fuel stored in a fuel tank to an engine includes a low-pressure pump configured to feed the fuel, a high-pressure pump configured to compress the fuel discharged from the low-pressure pump and to feed to the engine, a first low-pressure passage member configured to define a first fuel passage from the low-pressure pump to the high-pressure pump, and a second low-pressure passage member configured to define a second fuel passage branched from the first fuel passage at a low-pressure junction portion and joining the first fuel passage at a low-pressure confluence portion, wherein the first fuel passage and the second fuel passage are different in at least one of (i) temperatures of the fuels that flow through the fuel passages and (ii) passage lengths of the fuel passages from the low-pressure junction portion to the low-pressure confluence portion.

An oxygen separation device includes a substrate and an oxygen ion transport membrane supported on the substrate. The substrate has an air inlet end and a retentate outlet end. An intake air passageway extends through the substrate from the air inlet end to the retentate outlet end. The oxygen ion transport membrane is between the substrate and the intake air passageway and is adapted to separate oxygen atoms from the air in the intake air passageway and to transport the oxygen atoms to the substrate. The oxygen separation device collects the oxygen from the substrate for supply to an internal combustion engine for use as the gas of the gas-fuel mixture.

An oxygen separation device includes a substrate and an oxygen ion transport membrane supported on the substrate. The substrate has an air inlet end and a retentate outlet end. An intake air passageway extends through the substrate from the air inlet end to the retentate outlet end. The oxygen ion transport membrane is between the substrate and the intake air passageway and is adapted to separate oxygen atoms from the air in the intake air passageway and to transport the oxygen atoms to the substrate. The oxygen separation device collects the oxygen from the substrate for supply to an internal combustion engine for use as the gas of the gas-fuel mixture.

A handheld work apparatus includes a gas-operated combustion engine which has a cylinder with a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber being delimited by a piston. The combustion engine is fed combustion air via an intake channel and liquid gas via a supply line. The liquid gas enters into an opening of the supply line in a gas tank, it being possible for the position of the opening of the supply line in the gas tank to be adjusted. A longitudinal section of the supply line lies within the gas tank and is formed from a flexible hose. A weight is arranged in the region of the opening in such a way that liquid gas is fed via the opening to the supply line of the mixture formation unit in every operating position of the work apparatus.

A handheld work apparatus includes a gas-operated combustion engine which has a cylinder with a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber being delimited by a piston. The combustion engine is fed combustion air via an intake channel and liquid gas via a supply line. The liquid gas enters into an opening of the supply line in a gas tank, it being possible for the position of the opening of the supply line in the gas tank to be adjusted. A longitudinal section of the supply line lies within the gas tank and is formed from a flexible hose. A weight is arranged in the region of the opening in such a way that liquid gas is fed via the opening to the supply line of the mixture formation unit in every operating position of the work apparatus.

A method of warming a valve assembly includes receiving an exhaust flow through a first heat exchanger first inlet; heating a coolant received through a first heat exchanger second inlet with the exhaust flow; exhausting the exhaust flow through a first heat exchanger first outlet; and discharging heated coolant through a first heat exchanger second outlet towards a second heat exchanger assembly that is coupled to the valve assembly to heat the valve assembly.

An environmentally friendly energy saving device includes a hollow metal inner pipe inserted in a hollow metal outer pipe, and the inner pipe includes: a middle portion defining a receiving chamber with respect to the hollow metal outer pipe, two connecting portions located at two ends of the middle portion and extended out from two ends of the hollow metal outer pipe, and a thinning groove formed in the middle portion and in communication with the receiving chamber. Far infrared powder are filled into the receiving chamber and the thinning groove and pressurized into a block. Two ends of the receiving chamber are sealed. By thinning the part of the outer wall of the inner pipe that is connected to the receiving chamber, the energy-saving efficiency of the environmentally friendly energy saving device is improved.

A cooling system for an internal combustion engine according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an engine block, a compression device, a cooling circuit, a first pump, and a fuel delivery device. The engine block at least partially defines a combustion chamber and a cooling passage. The cooling passage extends through the engine block. The compression device is received in the engine block to partially define the combustion chamber. The compression device is movable within and relative to the engine block. The cooling circuit is in fluid communication with the cooling passage. The first pump is in fluid communication with the cooling circuit and is configured to circulate a fuel through the cooling circuit and the cooling passage. The fuel delivery device is in fluid communication with the cooling circuit and is configured to deliver the fuel to the combustion chamber.