An internal combustion engine includes combustion chambers, each having a controllable intake valve controlling an intake port, a controllable exhaust valve controlling an exhaust port, a piston, and a fuel injector. An intake manifold is connected to the intake port of each chamber. In catalytic converter warm-up mode, each chamber is driven in four-stroke operation including a 720 crank angle degrees cycle, and opens the intake port, starting to open in 90-180 CAD, and fully closes the intake port in 180-270 CAD, opens the exhaust port during the power stroke, starting in 405-495 CAD, opens the intake port during the exhaust stroke, starting in 610-690 CAD, and fully closes the exhaust port during the exhaust stroke in 630-710 CAD. Exhaust gas is forced into the intake manifold by the piston, mixing fuel and exhaust in the intake manifold, and fully closes the intake port in 700 to 720+20 CAD.

Embodiments of apparatus are disclosed for affecting working fluid flow in a system that delivers material between two locations by carrying the material in the working fluid. For example, embodiments of the disclosed apparatus may be used in an internal combustion engines to carry fuel droplets to a combustion area using air as the working fluid. The apparatus may include a passage including a funnel portion and tumble area that direct working fluid into a stratified stream. The stratified stream may include an outer boundary flow having a toroidal and/or helical flow characteristic and an inner flow carrying injected material that is bound by the outer flow.

In at least some implementations, a throttle body assembly includes a body that has multiple throttle bores, multiple throttle valve heads received one in each of the throttle bores, at least one throttle valve shaft to which the throttle valve heads are coupled, and at least one of a fuel metering valve and a vapor separator carried by the body.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine having an intake system and a fuel tank. In the intake system, there is a compressor and, downstream from the compressor, there is a throttle valve. The intake system comprises an air supply line that connects the compressor to an inlet of the internal combustion engine. The fuel tank has a venting line that connects the fuel tank to an activated carbon canister containing an activated carbon filter. It is provided for a conveying line to branch off from the air supply line and to connect the air supply line downstream from the compressor and upstream from the throttle valve to an intake line downstream from an air filter and upstream from the compressor. It is likewise provided for a control valve and a Venturi nozzle to be arranged in the conveying line, whereby the activated carbon canister is connected via a first flushing line to the air supply line downstream from the throttle valve and upstream from the inlet of the internal combustion engine, and whereby the activated carbon canister is connected via a second flushing line to the Venturi nozzle in the conveying line.

A multi-injection process includes performing intake synchronized injection in which fuel is injected in synchronism with an open valve period of an intake valve, and an intake asynchronous injection in which fuel is injected at a more advanced timing than during intake synchronized injection. A single-injection process includes injecting a required injection amount of fuel by intake asynchronous injection. An operating process includes operating a port injection valve for injecting fuel into an intake passageway. A selection process includes selecting the single-injection process if the temperature of an intake system of an internal combustion engine is not lower than a prescribed temperature, and selecting the multi-injection process if the temperature of the intake system is less than the prescribed temperature.

A combination system may include a carburetor in fluid communication with an engine intake tract and a fuel injector in fluid communication with the engine intake tract.

An air intake structure of a saddle riding vehicle disposed on a saddle riding vehicle that includes intake system components above an engine, the engine includes a plurality of cylinders aligned at least in front and rear, the intake system components include: funnels coupled to intake ports of the respective cylinders; and injectors facing openings of the respective funnels, the funnels and the injectors are arranged inside the air box, the air intake structure includes an air filter in a front side with respect to the funnel and the injector disposed in a cylinder in a front side. In the air intake structure of a saddle riding vehicle, the air filter is at least disposed so as to be oriented in a vertical direction in side view, and the air filter has a middle part on which a louver is disposed.

An engaging projection of a valve body engages with an interlocking groove of a nozzle plate and the nozzle plate is rotated relative to the valve body. The engaging projection moves in a lateral groove of the interlocking groove while elastically deforming an arm part (elastically deformable portion), and the engaging projection is accommodated in a recess (lock position in the interlocking groove) of the arm part. A bottom surface of the recess of the arm part is pushed against the engaging projection of the valve body by the elastic force of the arm part, and the engaging projection of the valve body is seated and fixed on the bottom surface of the recess of the arm part. Accordingly, the nozzle plate is fixed to the valve body while being retained via the engaging projection and the interlocking groove (interlocking means).

In at least some implementations, a charge forming device for a combustion engine includes a throttle body and a throttle valve. The throttle body has a throttle bore with an inlet through which air flows into the throttle bore and an outlet from which a fuel and air mixture exits the throttle bore. The throttle bore has a throat between the inlet and outlet and the throat has a reduced flow area compared to at least one of the inlet and outlet. The throttle valve has a valve head received within the throat of the throttle bore and movable relative to the throttle body between a first position and a second position wherein the flow area between the valve head and the throttle body is greater when the valve head is in the second position than in the first position.

Methods and systems are provided for a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. In one example, a fuel injector includes a body having a flange shaped to seat within a shoulder of a passage of a cylinder head. The shoulder is positioned at an inner side of the cylinder head such that the fuel injector is coupled to the cylinder head at the inner side by the flange.