Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with instruction production are described. In one example, a system can comprise a difference component that makes an identification of a difference between an actual action of a user and a standard action for the user. The system also can comprise an instruction component that produces an instruction to instruct the user to change from the action of the user to the standard action for the user, where production of the instruction is based, at least in part, on the difference. The system further can comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to retain the instruction. Additionally, the system can comprise an output component configured to cause disclosure of the instruction.

Disclosed is a kicking training apparatus for allowing a user to practice accurately and effectively a kicking posture through gradual and systematic training, without bringing about body pain, when the user practices kick training, such as front kick or side kick, in exercise or martial arts including taekwondo. The kicking training apparatus includes a stationary frame which is fixed to a floor or a wall; a kicking training member with one end being rotatably engaged to an upper end of the stationary frame; and an angle adjusting member with one end being rotatably engaged to a lower end of the kicking training member, and the other end being able to move in a longitudinal direction of the stationary frame and being fixed to a desired position to adjust an angle of the kicking training member with respect to an upper end of the kicking training member.

A grappling dummy having a generally human shape includes a trunk with a head, arms, and legs extending from the trunk. The legs can be connected together by an elongate connecting leg segment forming a leg enclosure. The grappling dummy also includes padding disposed about the trunk, the head, the arms, and the legs. When resting on the ground in a kneeling position, the midline of the trunk is generally parallel and elevated with respect to the ground. The grappling dummy can include a jacket assembly to be worn around the trunk and the two arms, where the jacket assembly is divided at its back into trunk sections with arm coverings. The trunk sections are configured to connect at the back of the grappling dummy to form a cloth jacket open at the front, and are connectable by a fastener assembly at the back.

Apparatus is provided for training people in technique and tactics for use in wrestling and other combat sports. The apparatus presented comprises a rigid and elastic frame, padding, low-friction feet or runners, and a platform for another user or weights, to add mass and resistance for the user training with the apparatus. A user may use the apparatus to practice penetration techniques, agility, and strength while training in free motion. The apparatus leads the user to use her or his body weight, the weight of the apparatus, and optionally added weight, in training while on matted surfaces, providing a better training experience and practice than prior art training devices. The present invention solves problems with the currently available means and apparatuses of practicing penetration techniques and tactics.

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with instruction production are described. In one example, a system can comprise a difference component that makes an identification of a difference between an actual action of a user and a standard action for the user. The system also can comprise an instruction component that produces an instruction to instruct the user to change from the action of the user to the standard action for the user, where production of the instruction is based, at least in part, on the difference. The system further can comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to retain the instruction. Additionally, the system can comprise an output component configured to cause disclosure of the instruction.

Apparatus is provided for training people in technique and tactics for use in wrestling and other combat sports. The apparatus presented comprises a rigid and elastic frame, padding, low-friction feet or runners, and a platform for another user or weights, to add mass and resistance for the user training with the apparatus. A user may use the apparatus to practice penetration techniques, agility, and strength while training in free motion. The apparatus leads the user to use her or his body weight, the weight of the apparatus, and optionally added weight, in training while on matted surfaces, providing a better training experience and practice than prior art training devices. The present invention solves problems with the currently available means and apparatuses of practicing penetration techniques and tactics.

Devices and methods are provided for use in athletic training. The devices can be used to maintain appropriate distance between feet and or knees during athletic training. Additionally, the devices can be used in physical therapy for injury and surgery recovery; rehab as a result of stroke or other acute injury or illness; and/or geriatric usage for strengthening muscles, balance or coordination to improve mobility or balance and general health.

Apparatus is provided for training people in technique and tactics for use in wrestling and other combat sports. The apparatus presented comprises a rigid and elastic frame, padding, low-friction feet or runners, and a platform for another user or weights, to add mass and resistance for the user training with the apparatus. A user may use the apparatus to practice penetration techniques, agility, and strength while training in free motion. The apparatus leads the user to use her or his body weight, the weight of the apparatus, and optionally added weight, in training while on matted surfaces, providing a better training experience and practice than prior art training devices. The present invention solves problems with the currently available means and apparatuses of practicing penetration techniques and tactics.

The present invention discloses a multi-training function air-water punching bag structure that comprises one inner bladder, one external bag, at least one set of handles, at least two sets of first suspenders, and at least one set of second suspenders. The inner bladder respectively contains liquid and air simultaneously. Users can adjust the volume of the liquid and air according to the needs of training and the tactile feel of the punches. The external bag integrates the handle set or the first set of suspenders and the second set of suspenders to reach the effect of multi-training functions.

A grip training system includes a lapel section having a collar section and an attachment section with at least one attachment point for connecting to exercise equipment, and a sleeve section having a closed end and an open end, wherein the closed end of the sleeve section includes at least one attachment point for connecting to exercise equipment, and wherein the sleeve section further has an insert disposed between the closed end and the open end configured to maintain the open end in an open configuration to be gripped by a user.