A first tubular portion forms a part of a fuel flow passage therein. A first joint surface is formed in one end surface of the first tubular portion. A first inner diameter enlarged portion is formed on a side opposite to the first joint surface. A second tubular portion forms a part of the fuel flow passage therein. A second joint surface is formed in one end surface of the second tubular portion and joined to the first joint surface. A second inner diameter enlarged portion is formed on a side opposite to the second joint surface. A welded portion is formed in an annular shape to extend radially inward from the radially outside of the first joint surface and the second joint surface by welding the first tubular portion and the second tubular portion.

An opposed-piston engine according to an embodiment is a first fuel injection device configured to inject fuel from a circumferential wall surface of at least one cylinder into the cylinder, and a second fuel injection device disposed to be displaced in a circumferential direction so as to be opposite to the first fuel injection device across an axial center of the cylinder. Each of the first fuel injection device and the second fuel injection device includes a plurality of injection holes having different injection directions, in a cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction. A direction directed by a first downstream injection hole is configured to pass through a second injection region, and a direction directed by a second downstream injection hole is configured to pass through a first injection region.

A mixing structure can include a body having first conduits, mixture conduits, and second conduits extending through the body to the internal volume. The first conduits may be closer to a first side of the body than the mixture conduits and the second conduits. The second conduits may closer to another side of the body than the first conduits and the mixture conduits. The internal volume may receive liquid streams from an injector. The first conduits and the second conduits may receive gas streams from outside the body. The body may thermally modify the gas streams and entrain the gas streams into the liquid streams in the internal volume. The mixture conduits may be positioned to direct the gas streams entrained into the liquid streams out of the body in directions directed toward the second side of the body and away from the first side of the body.

The present disclosure provides piston, comprising: a skirt having an upper body portion; a crown formed at the upper body portion; and a piston bowl formed at the crown. The piston bowl includes a first combustion surface and a second combustion surface opposite the first combustion surface. Each of the first combustion surface and the second combustion surface are formed and positioned to accommodate inflowing injector spray so as to reduce heat transfer caused by impingements made by the inflowing injector spray.

The present disclosure provides piston, comprising: a skirt having an upper body portion; a crown formed at the upper body portion; and a piston bowl formed at the crown. The piston bowl includes a first combustion surface and a second combustion surface opposite the first combustion surface. Each of the first combustion surface and the second combustion surface are formed and positioned to accommodate inflowing injector spray so as to reduce heat transfer caused by impingements made by the inflowing injector spray.

A fuel supply nozzle unit includes a fuel supply nozzle, a rear end and an end plate. The fuel supply nozzle includes a front end that has a plurality of fuel supply holes. The rear end extends from the front end and is formed with a threaded portion on its outer surface. The end plate is connected to the rear end and is formed with a plurality of threaded holes.

The invention relates to an injector arrangement (1) having an injector nozzle (2) for injecting medium into a combustion chamber (3), particularly for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber (3) of an internal combustion engine, and having a sealing ring (20), which is pre-loaded in order to seal against a sealing surface (6) of a cylinder head (4), which comprises a through-hole (5), through which the injection nozzle (2) protrudes into the combustion chamber (3) and in which, in the radial direction between the injection nozzle (2) and the cylinder head (4), a heat protection sleeve (10) is arranged, one end (11) of which, facing the combustion chamber (3), is frictionally connected to the injection nozzle (2) by a radial pressing (12). In order to functionally improve the injector arrangement (1), an end (13) of the heat protection sleeve (10) furthest from the combustion chamber (3) is frictionally connected to the sealing ring (20) by an axial pressing (14).

The invention relates to an injector arrangement (1) having an injector nozzle (2) for injecting medium into a combustion chamber (3), particularly for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber (3) of an internal combustion engine, and having a sealing ring (20), which is pre-loaded in order to seal against a sealing surface (6) of a cylinder head (4), which comprises a through-hole (5), through which the injection nozzle (2) protrudes into the combustion chamber (3) and in which, in the radial direction between the injection nozzle (2) and the cylinder head (4), a heat protection sleeve (10) is arranged, one end (11) of which, facing the combustion chamber (3), is frictionally connected to the injection nozzle (2) by a radial pressing (12). In order to functionally improve the injector arrangement (1), an end (13) of the heat protection sleeve (10) furthest from the combustion chamber (3) is frictionally connected to the sealing ring (20) by an axial pressing (14).

A normal control unit performs a normal control to cause an injection apparatus to perform predetermined normal injection and subsequently cause an ignition plug to perform ignition. In a delay region in a combustion chamber, propagation of flame is retarded further than in another region when the normal control is performed. In a knock state, self-ignition occurs in the delay region when the normal control is performed. When the knock state is established, an adjustment control unit performs, to suppress the self-ignition, an adjustment control to perform main injection and subsequently perform sub-injection in a second half of a compression stroke to adjust a fuel distribution in the combustion chamber to facilitate propagation of flame to the delay region further than in the normal control and subsequently cause the ignition plug to perform the ignition.

A diesel fuel injector based on a hollow spray structure induced by vortex cavitation in a nozzle, including a needle valve, a nozzle body, a plurality of spray holes, and a sac chamber. An axis of the needle valve coincides with an axis of the nozzle body. The spray holes are evenly distributed on a head of the nozzle body, and each have a converging conical structure. An inlet end of the spray hole is communicated with the sac chamber. The sac chamber consists of a hemispherical cavity and a cylindrical cavity.