A fuel atomizer (100) has a conduit (105) for passage of fuel (101) and an object (113) in the conduit (105) which creates continual and repetitive turbulence in the fuel (101). The turbulent fuel exits the conduit (105) via a nozzle (111) into a spray of fine mist (103). The object (113) is a movable magnet (601) which is repelled by another magnet (701) at the outlet (109) of the conduit (105). The flow of fuel (101) carries the movable magnet (601) towards the outlet (109) of the conduit (105) while the other magnet (701) repels the movable magnet (601) backwards. So the movable magnet (601) moves repetitively.

Fuel nozzle assemblies are flushed after ultrasonic cleaning. In one embodiment, a method includes: cleaning a fuel nozzle assembly by ultrasonic cleaning; and after the ultrasonic cleaning, flushing the fuel nozzle assembly using a solution, the fuel nozzle assembly comprising a valve located in an interior of the fuel nozzle assembly, the solution flowing through the interior of the fuel nozzle assembly, and the flowing of the solution controlled by the valve.

The present disclosure provides fuel additives including a quaternary ammonium salt formed by reacting an alkyl carboxylate with a compound formed from a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent reacted with a select amine. Also provided herein are fuel compositions including the novel fuel additives and methods of combusting a fuel including the fuel additives herein. The unique quaternary ammonium salts herein are advantageous because they can be made through a simple alkylation process and provide improved detergency at low treat rates by making available a relatively less sterically hindered quaternary nitrogen for detergency activity in the fuel.

Cleaning, maintaining, refurbishing, and/or diagnosing engine components including fuel system components, e.g., such as fuel-injectors. In one embodiment, a method of cleaning a fuel system component is provided. The method includes supplying a cleaning solution through the fuel system component, discontinuing the supplying of the cleaning solution, repeating the supplying of the cleaning solution and the discontinuing of the supplying of the cleaning solution a plurality of times, decoupling the source of cleaning solution, and connecting a source of fuel to the fuel system component, and supplying fuel through the fuel system component to re-establish fuel-based operation. In additional embodiments, a method of processing a fuel system component while it remains connected to an engine assembly, and a method of diagnosing a defective fuel system component, are provided.

A pneumatic and hydraulic testing and cleaning kit for gasoline type fuel injectors used in electronic fuel injection systems on most cars today. The tester/cleaner apparatus includes a stand with pneumatic quick disconnect for applying air and a solvent in pulses at 35 to 55 psi to clean dirty fuel injectors.

In a method of cleaning injectors of a direct-injection controlled-ignition engine, while idling, maximum fuel pressure to be injected for cleaning is calculated, by executing for at least one predetermined engine operating speed an iterative loop. During each loop the injected fuel pressure value increases and the injection time corresponding to the increased pressure is determined, selecting for each operating speed a cleaning pressure equal either to the maximum fuel pressure to which an injection time greater than the calibrated minimum injection time determined for the operating speed corresponds or to a maximum limit pressure corresponding to a given calibrated pressure for the engine/injectors system. Secondly, a cleaning treatment includes selecting an operating speed allowing the maximum cleaning pressure and controlling an engine operation by applying this speed and programming the cleaning pressure over a treatment duration exceeding the operating time allowed while running under operating conditions of this kind.

A fuel composition including a fuel and a fuel additive including a fuel soluble detergent selected from succinimide compounds of the Formula (I), Mannich detergents of the formulae (IIa), and amine detergents of the formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb). The fuel soluble detergents are derived from a specific class of ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers having an Mn of less than 5,000 g/mol, an ethylene unit content of more than 40 mol % to less than 90 mol %; a terminal unsaturation of 70 mol % or greater; at least 70 mol % of the unsaturation is terminal vinylidene, one or more tri-substituted isomers of the terminal vinylidene or any combination thereof, an average ethylene run length of less than 2.6; and wherein n.sub.C2,Actual>n.sub.C2,Statistical. Methods employing the fuel compositions for operating diesel and gasoline engines to reduce injector valve deposits, valve sticking and injector nozzle fouling, and a method for stabilizing a diesel fuel composition.

Lubricating oil compositions including olefin copolymer dispersants comprising olefin copolymers derived from ethylene and one or more C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha olefins in combination with various additives and related methods are generally described herein. The compositions may include one or more phosphorus-containing compound(s), detergents, friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

An attachment assembly for a fluid injector includes a housing having a first end and a second end; a seat disposed within the housing; and a needle in the housing having a first end, the needle movable between a first position in which the first end of the needle provides a sealing engagement with the seat so as to prevent fluid from exiting the second end of the housing, and a second position in which the first end of the needle extends outwardly from the second end of the housing spaced apart from the seat for allowing fluid in the housing to exit through the second end; and a spring member biasing the needle towards the first position to prevent fluid in the housing from exiting the second end. The first end of the housing attaches to the fluid outlet of a fuel injector for providing an integrated injector assembly.

An injector testing system includes a testing rig having a receptacle and an injector mounting structure. The receptacle has an inlet for receiving fluid injected by an injector, a target outlet for receiving at least a portion of fluid injected through the inlet, and a runoff outlet for receiving fluid missing the target outlet. At least one fluid-quantity measuring device fluidly connected to at least one of the target and runoff outlets measures a quantity of fluid having flowed thereto. A controller receives signals representative of (i) a quantity of fluid having flowed to the at least one fluid-quantity measuring device via the target outlet, and (ii) a quantity of fluid having flowed to the at least one fluid-quantity measuring device via the runoff outlet or both of the runoff outlet and the target outlet. Based on these quantities, a proportion of fluid injected into the target outlet is determined.