A large two-stroke turbocharged compression-ignited internal combustion crosshead engine with a plurality of cylinders has at least one pressure booster for each cylinder for boosting fuel pressure, two or more electronically controlled fuel valves for each cylinder with an inlet of the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves being connected to an outlet of the at least one pressure booster. An electronic control unit is connected to the at least one pressure booster and the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a start time for a fuel injection event, activate the at least one pressure booster ahead of the determined start time and pen the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves at the determined start time.

A large two-stroke turbocharged compression-ignited internal combustion crosshead engine with a plurality of cylinders has at least one pressure booster for each cylinder for boosting fuel pressure, two or more electronically controlled fuel valves for each cylinder with an inlet of the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves being connected to an outlet of the at least one pressure booster. An electronic control unit is connected to the at least one pressure booster and the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a start time for a fuel injection event, activate the at least one pressure booster ahead of the determined start time and pen the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves at the determined start time.

A large two-stroke turbocharged compression-ignited internal combustion crosshead engine with a plurality of cylinders has at least one pressure booster for each cylinder for boosting fuel pressure, two or more electronically controlled fuel valves for each cylinder with an inlet of the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves being connected to an outlet of the at least one pressure booster. An electronic control unit is connected to the at least one pressure booster and the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a start time for a fuel injection event, activate the at least one pressure booster ahead of the determined start time and pen the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves at the determined start time.

A vehicle part or component includes a surface that is configured to contact a fuel containing ethanol. The surface has a layer of non-hydrogenated diamond like carbon (NH-DLC) material disposed on the surface. The layer of NH-DLC has a thickness of from greater than or equal to about 100 nm to less than or equal to about 100 m. The NH-DLC material has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 90 atomic % (at. %), a carbon-carbon sp.sup.3 hybrid bond content of from greater than or equal to about 60% to less than or equal to about 100%, and a carbon-carbon sp.sup.2 hybrid bond content of from greater than or equal to about 0 to less than or equal to about 40%. The NH-DLC material is substantially free of hydrogen atoms. Methods for manufacturing the vehicle part or component are also provided.

A large two-stroke turbocharged compression-ignited internal combustion crosshead engine with a plurality of cylinders has at least one pressure booster for each cylinder for boosting fuel pressure, two or more electronically controlled fuel valves for each cylinder with an inlet of the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves being connected to an outlet of the at least one pressure booster. An electronic control unit is connected to the at least one pressure booster and the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a start time for a fuel injection event, activate the at least one pressure booster ahead of the determined start time and pen the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves at the determined start time.

A large two-stroke turbocharged compression-ignited internal combustion crosshead engine with a plurality of cylinders has at least one pressure booster for each cylinder for boosting fuel pressure, two or more electronically controlled fuel valves for each cylinder with an inlet of the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves being connected to an outlet of the at least one pressure booster. An electronic control unit is connected to the at least one pressure booster and the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a start time for a fuel injection event, activate the at least one pressure booster ahead of the determined start time and pen the two or more electronically controlled fuel valves at the determined start time.

A vehicle part or component includes a surface that is configured to contact a fuel containing ethanol. The surface has a layer of non-hydrogenated diamond like carbon (NH-DLC) material disposed on the surface. The layer of NH-DLC has a thickness of from greater than or equal to about 100 nm to less than or equal to about 100 m. The NH-DLC material has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 90 atomic % (at. %), a carbon-carbon sp.sup.3 hybrid bond content of from greater than or equal to about 60% to less than or equal to about 100%, and a carbon-carbon sp.sup.2 hybrid bond content of from greater than or equal to about 0 to less than or equal to about 40%. The NH-DLC material is substantially free of hydrogen atoms. Methods for manufacturing the vehicle part or component are also provided.

Methods are provided for controlling a solenoid spill valve of a direct injection fuel pump, wherein the solenoid spill valve is energized and de-energized according to certain conditions. An example control strategy is provided for operating the direct injection fuel pump when fuel vapor is detected at an inlet of the direct injection fuel pump. To ensure pump effectiveness during the presence of fuel vapor, the solenoid spill valve may be maintained energized for a minimum angular duration past a top-dead-center position of a piston in the direct injection fuel pump.

An engine system includes a plurality of injectors disposed at each of one or more combustion chambers of an engine in order to inject a fuel, a plurality of heaters that heat the fuel to be injected from the plurality of injectors, and a controller that determines whether a temperature of external air or a temperature of coolant is less than a predetermined temperature when a starting condition is satisfied, and that operates the plurality of heaters if the temperature of external air or the temperature of coolant is less than the predetermined temperature, wherein the controller compares a heating time that heats fuel with operation of the plurality of heaters with a first predetermined time, and operates the plurality of injectors to inject fuel if the heating time is greater than the first predetermined time.

A dual fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes a first fuel supply of a liquid pilot fuel, a primary fuel supply of a liquid primary fuel, and a dual fuel injector. The dual fuel injector includes a spill valve fluidly connected with a plunger cavity and movable to control a start of injection and an end of injection, and an admission valve. The admission valve is movable to admit a pilot fuel into the fuel injector, such that the pilot fuel is conveyed through an outlet check to form, within a primary fuel passage fluidly connected to the plunger cavity, a segmented fuel charge of leading pilot fuel and trailing primary fuel by displacing some of the primary fuel. The liquid pilot fuel may be a higher cetane/lower octane liquid fuel, and the primary fuel may be a lower cetane/higher octane liquid fuel.