A system for plant parameter detection, including: a plant morphology sensor having a first field of view and configured to record a morphology measurement of a plant portion and an ambient environment adjacent the plant, a plant physiology sensor having a second field of view and configured to record a plant physiology parameter measurement of a plant portion and an ambient environment adjacent the plant, wherein the second field of view overlaps with the first field of view; a support statically coupling the plant morphology sensor to the physiology sensor, and a computing system configured to: identify a plant set of pixels within the physiology measurement based on the morphology measurement; determine physiology values for each pixel of the plant set of pixels; and extract a growth parameter based on the physiology values.

Various embodiments of an apparatus, methods, systems and computer program products described herein are directed to an agricultural observation and treatment system and method of operation. The agricultural treatment system may determine a first real-world geo-spatial location of the treatment system. The system can receive captured images depicting real-world agricultural objects of a geographic scene. The system can associate captured images with the determined geo-spatial location of the treatment system. The treatment system can identify, from a group of mapped and indexed images, images having a second real-word geo-spatial location that is proximate with the first real-world geo-spatial location. The treatment system can compare at least a portion of the identified images with at least a portion of the captured images. The treatment system can determine a target object and emit a fluid projectile at the target object using a treatment device.

A method for planning spreading of a spreading material mixture with an agricultural spreading machine includes steps of: identifying individual components of the spreading material mixture, determining component-related setting parameters for the agricultural spreading machine for a planned spreading operation for several or all of the individual components of the spreading material mixture, and evaluating joint spreadability of the individual components of the spreading material mixture on the basis of the determined component-related setting parameters by a calculating device.

A method for determining setting recommendations for an agricultural spreader includes the steps of: determining an uneven spreading-material distribution in a usable agricultural area or an uneven nutritional status of plants in the usable agricultural area, determining an ideal balancing distribution of spreading material that balances out unevenness of the determined spreading-material distribution in the usable agricultural area or unevenness of the determined nutritional status of the plants in the usable agricultural area, and determining setting recommendations for the agricultural spreader for implementing a balancing distribution of the spreading material, wherein the balancing distribution approximates the ideal balancing distribution.

An apparatus (1) and method are disclosed for seeding soil. The apparatus (1) comprises a soil-sensing arrangement. The apparatus (1) comprises a seed-delivery mechanism. The soil-sensing arrangement comprises one or more soil-sensing elements. Each of the one or more soil-sensing elements is configured to sense one or more conditions of the soil. The one or more soil-sensing elements can take the form of one or more soil-sensing tines 19. In the method, material is delivered to a locally-optimised soil depth LOD. In the method, there is at least periodic sensing of one or more conditions of the soil, and at two or more depths at mutually differing proximities to the locally-optimised depth.

In an embodiment, a system for measuring soil element concentration in a field in real time is disclosed. The system comprises an extraction apparatus coupled to a mobility component configured to move the system in the agricultural field. The extraction apparatus configured to receive a plurality of soil samples successively from a soil probe coupled to the mobility component, when the mobility component is operating. The extraction apparatus containing an extractant solution that is a solvent of the soil samples. In addition, the extraction apparatus comprising a mixer that is configured to mix the soil samples with the extractant solution, thereby forming a solution mix. The system also comprises a chemical sensor coupled to the extraction apparatus, the chemical sensor configured to measure a concentration level of a soil element in the solution mix. Furthermore, the system comprises a processor coupled to the chemical sensor, the processor configured to calculate a concentration level of the soil element in each of the plurality of soil samples after the soil sample is received by the extraction apparatus and before a successive soil sample is received by the extraction apparatus.

A computer-implemented method of prioritizing agricultural field management includes training a machine learning model using historical machine data, receiving machine data, classifying the machine data, generating an agricultural prescription instruction set; and performing the agricultural prescription instruction set. A computing system includes a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing system to train a machine learning model using historical machine data, receive machine data, classify the machine data, generate an agricultural prescription instruction set; and perform the agricultural prescription instruction set. A non-transitory computer readable medium includes program instructions that when executed, cause a computer to train a machine learning model using historical machine data, receive machine data, classify the machine data, generate an agricultural prescription instruction set; and perform the agricultural prescription instruction set.

A sensing system for obtaining a gradient of soil properties in real-time as a function of soil depth is disclosed herein. The sensing system includes a support structure coupled to an agricultural implement and which is rotatable about a rotational axis relative to a frame of the agricultural implement. A sensor is arranged on a surface of the support structure and configured to generate an output signal indicative of the measured soil property based on a sensed a capacitance change corresponding to a change in a dielectric property of a measured soil sample with which the sensor interacts. A measuring unit is coupled to the at least one sensor and processes the output signal generated by the at least one sensor to generate a gradient profile of the soil properties in real-time as a function of one or more depths for display on a user interface.

A plant growth monitoring method includes sensing growth data of a plant, determining reference data of the growth data, determining a first effective range of an N number of parameters of the reference data, determining a second effecting range of each parameter, and obtaining standard values of the N number of parameters in each of T growth periods.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for agricultural monitoring of soil characteristics and determining soil color are described herein. In one example, a method of calculating soil color data includes obtaining, with sensors of a soil apparatus, soil measurements. The method further includes calculating soil color values in a visible spectrum including at least one of red, green, and blue color values based on the soil measurements and determining color data for at least one color image without false image artifacts based on the calculated soil color values and associated coordinates within an agricultural field.