Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

Described herein are an extract from lettuce (Lactuca sativa), in particular of stalk lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. angustana), including 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and, optionally, precursors of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline as well as flavoring compositions including such an extract and a method for the preparation of such an extract. Also described herein are the use of such an extract as a taste or flavor ingredient in a consumer product and a method of enhancing, improving, modifying the taste or flavor of a consumer product by making use of such an extract.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

A Boehmeria nivea extract, as well as a glucosylated B. nivea extract and dicarboxylic acids obtained from B. nivea are described for use in compositions and methods for enhancing the sweetness and mouthfeel of a consumable containing a carbohydrate sweetener or flavoring, or for masking the off-flavor of a proteinaceous component of a consumable.

Disclosed is a composition comprising a combination of at least one flavor compound and a taste-modulating portion of a filamentous fungus mycelial aqueous culture, e.g. a mycelia is from a Cordyceps spp, where the flavor compound is a combination and sodium chloride and potassium chloride and when combined with food, beverage or other product, reduces metallic and/or bitter taste resulting from the presence of KCl and provides an extended “salt” flavor perception in the product. The flavor compound can also include at where the at least one flavor compound is a bitterness blocker or a bitterness masker, wherein the combination is capable of synergistically reducing bitter tastes or reducing aftertastes of a food, beverage, or other product. Methods to enhance the taste of a food, beverage or other product using the flavor compounds and taste-modifying portions of a filamentous fungus are also disclosed.

Systems and methods describe continuously and progressively hydrating material, such as food material for meat analogue products. First, material is provided to be conveyed through a material passage between an exterior tube and a rotating inner shaft, with the rotating inner shaft including one or more agitation and/or progression features. The progression features could be, e.g., a series of imbricated protruding filled paddles arranged in a helical pattern, while the agitation features could take the form of, e.g., unfilled hoops, hooks, or paddles. Concurrent to conveying and hydrating the material through the material passage, a number of lumps, clumps, and/or unhydrated pieces of the material are broken up via one or more agitation features configured to produce uniform hydration and consistent dispersal of the material. Also concurrently or subsequently, water is continuously and/or progressively provided to the material to produce hydrated material particles.

There is provided a water-soluble additive composition including a cyclic carboxylic acid, the water-soluble additive composition satisfying at least one of the following Conditions 1 to 4: (Condition 1) component (A) the cyclic carboxylic acid, which is other than the following component (B1), and component (B1) one or more selected from the group consisting of gallic acid and an ester thereof are included; (Condition 2) the total content of Na+ and NH4+ is equal to or more than 100 ppm and equal to or less than 5000 ppm with respect to the cyclic carboxylic acid; (Condition 3) the total inorganic ion content (excluding hydrogen ions and hydroxyl group ions) is equal to or more than 300 ppm and equal to or less than 5000 ppm with respect to the cyclic carboxylic acid; and (Condition 4) component (A) the cyclic carboxylic acid, which is other than the following component (B2), and component (B2) an amino acid are included.

Methods are described herein for making a composition comprising at least one of caffeic acid, monocaffeoylquinic acids, and dicaffeoylquinic acids, and salts thereof.

A product for oral consumption, such as a food, comprising at least one thaumatin selected from the group consisting of thaumatin I and thaumatin II and at least one sugar selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in a mass ratio of said thaumatin:to said sugar of from 1:2,000 to 1:80,000.

Disclosed herein are 4-amino-5-(cyclohexyloxy)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid compounds having useful as sweet flavor modifiers. Also disclosed herein are ingestible compositions that include one or more of these compounds in combination with a natural or artificial sweetener.