A combined electrical insulator and conductor assembly for a bearing disposable between a shaft and a housing. An annular insulator is disposeable about the bearing and configured to prevent electric current flow between an outer ring and the housing. An electrical conductor has retainer(s) releasably engaged with the insulator so as to couple the conductor with the bearing, an outer radial end and an inner radial end. The conductor outer radial end, or/and a portion of the conductor between the outer and inner ends, is conductively engageable with the housing and the conductor inner radial end is conductively engageable with the shaft so as to provide an electrically conductive path between the shaft and the housing. Preferably, the conductor includes a conductive disk having arcuate retainer clips engageable with an insulator groove of the insulator and a brush subassembly including conductive fibers engaged with the shaft outer surface.

A bearing assembly having an inner ring, outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements and an integrated electrically conductive element, such as an electrical shunt system manufactured of bundled or braided conductive filaments.

The bearing integrated electrical shunt system consists of a fixed ring and an integrated electrically conductive element, such as bundled carbon fiber filaments, that contact a rotating ring. The integrated electrical conductive element can be integrated with the bearing seal.

A charging roll includes a core member, a rubber base material disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the rubber base material. The ten point height of irregularities R.sub.Z of a surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 3.9 micrometers, and is equal to or less than 6.1 micrometers. The mean spacing between peaks S.sub.m of the surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 12.5 micrometers and is equal to or less than 13.5 micrometers.

Provided is a developer carrying member that can stably form a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developer carrying member includes an electroconductive support and a surface layer in the stated order, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin and electroconductive particles, and a content of the electroconductive particles in a region from a surface of the surface layer opposite to an outer surface thereof on a side facing the electroconductive support to a depth of 150 nm is 1% or more and 25% or less, and wherein the surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10.sup.−2 Ω.Math.cm or more and 1.0×10.sup.2 Ω.Math.cm or less.

A plastic sliding component for mounting without lubricant in a sliding bearing is proposed, having a moulded part which is manufactured from plastic and has a sliding face for movably guiding two bearing parts relative to one another. An electric function circuit with a sensor function for acquiring an operating parameter is arranged on the moulded part. The invention proposes that the function circuit comprises at least one conductor track structure which is formed on the moulded part as a carrier of the conductor track structure. The function circuit can preferably be applied to the prefabricated moulded part, which is made of plastic, by means of an additive fabrication method (AM method).

An electroconductive roll includes a core member, a rubber base material disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the rubber base material. The density of peaks S.sub.pd of the surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 93,406 (1/mm.sup.2), and is equal to or less than 153,027 (1/mm.sup.2).

A charging roll includes a core member, a rubber base material disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the rubber base material. The ten point height of irregularities R.sub.Z of a surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 6.5 micrometers, and is equal to or less than 11.7 micrometers. The mean spacing between peaks S.sub.m of the surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 16.5 micrometers and is equal to or less than 18.8 micrometers.

A combined insulator and conductor assembly is for a bearing disposable between a shaft and a housing and includes an annular insulator disposeable about the bearing outer ring. The insulator is configured to prevent electric current flow between the outer ring and the housing and includes one or more axial mounting tabs. An electrical conductor has an outer radial end, an inner radial end and at least one retainer, the at least one retainer being engageable with the at least one mounting tab to releasably couple the conductor with the insulator. Each retainer includes a radially-extending prong engageable with a separate tab. The conductor outer radial end or/and a portion of the conductor between the outer and inner ends is conductively engageable with the housing and the conductor inner radial end being conductively engageable with the shaft so as to provide a conductive path between the shaft and the housing.

A combined electrical insulator and conductor assembly for a bearing disposable between a shaft and a housing. An annular insulator is disposeable about the bearing and configured to prevent electric current flow between an outer ring and the housing. An electrical conductor has retainer(s) releasably engaged with the insulator so as to couple the conductor with the bearing, an outer radial end and an inner radial end. The conductor outer radial end, or/and a portion of the conductor between the outer and inner ends, is conductively engageable with the housing and the conductor inner radial end is conductively engageable with the shaft so as to provide an electrically conductive path between the shaft and the housing. Preferably, the conductor includes a conductive disk having arcuate retainer clips engageable with an insulator groove of the insulator and a brush subassembly including conductive fibers engaged with the shaft outer surface.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to a sliding member. The sliding member includes: a first sliding portion having a first lubricant placed between first parts of a first friction sliding mechanism; a second sliding portion having a second lubricant placed between second parts of a second friction sliding mechanism; and a third sliding portion having a third lubricant placed between third parts of a third friction sliding mechanism. The first sliding portion is in contact with the third lubricant, and the second sliding portion is not in contact with the third lubricant. The second lubricant contains an additive containing conductive carbon, and the third lubricant contains no conductive carbon. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of the conductive carbon than the first lubricant.