A method for controlling foam comprising providing a food composition comprising a foam control agent and a food-stuff, and processing the food composition, wherein the foodstuff comprises potato derivatives or beet derivatives. A food composition comprising a foodstuff and a foam control agent, and wherein the foodstuff comprises potato derivatives or beet derivatives.

Described herein are interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptides, antibodies that bind the peptides, compositions including the peptides and antibodies and methods of use of the peptides and antibodies. The interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptide consists of an 8-15 amino acid sequence that includes SEQ ID NO: 1 ((I/V)P(P/K/V/E)P(E/K/R/Q)N(A/V)R), SEQ ID NO: 2 ((S/L/V)PAF(A/P)(K/Q)(G/T/E)(N/T/D)), or SEQ ID NO: 3 (PP(G/T/Q/V)(V/T/A)(R/H/T/S)(GN/NHP/SAA)).

A composition for enhancing protein digestion is disclosed, which includes at least one acid component, at least one base component and a protein digestion enhancer, wherein the at least one acid component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic acid, a phosphoric acid and a combination thereof, the at least one base component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic base, a phosphate and a combination thereof, the at least one acid component and the at least one base component conjugate with each other to form a buffer formulation, and the protein digestion enhancer is one selected from a group consisting of an ascorbic acid, a salt of the ascorbic acid and a combination thereof.

A solid vinegar powder and a method to generate the solid vinegar powder is described. The powder comprises an amount of acetic acid in a range of approximately 5% to approximately 50%, an amount of malted wholegrain seed or flour in a range of approximately 50% to approximately 95%, and at least 1% of nutritional components from the malted wholegrain seed or flour that includes fats, proteins, minerals and fibers. The solid vinegar powder is free from an addition of maltodextrin, dextrin, sodium diacetate, and/or modified starch.

Provided is a metabolism improving agent that contains, for example, an alkalizing agent such as an acidosis improving agent or a urinary alkalizing agent as an active ingredient, and has actions such as improvement of insulin resistance, improvement of pituitary and adrenal functions, and reduction of visceral fat accumulation.

Ketogenic compositions include a non-racemic mixture of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and acid(s) enriched with the R-enantiomer. The compositions are enriched with the R-enantiomer to elevate ketone bodies and increase the rate at which ketosis is achieved yet contains an amount of the S-enantiomer to provide alternative benefits. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for increasing ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate contains from about 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and from about 49.5% to about 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Described herein are interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptides, antibodies that bind the peptides, compositions including the peptides and antibodies and methods of use of the peptides and antibodies. The interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptide consists of an 8-15 amino acid sequence that includes SEQ ID NO: 1 ((I/V)P(P/K/V/E)P(E/K/R/Q)N(A/V)R), SEQ ID NO: 2 ((S/L/V)PAF(A/P)(K/Q)(G/T/E)(N/T/D)), or SEQ ID NO: 3 (PP(G/T/Q/V)(V/T/A)(R/H/T/S)(GN/NHP/SAA)).

A method of administering beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is described, and specifically administering HMB-acid to a person such that the administration of free acid HMB results in an increase in effectiveness of HMB over administration of other forms of HMB, including a calcium salt HMB composition is described. Administration of HMB-acid results in an increase in the peak level of HMB in plasma compared with administration of a similar dose of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in a faster time to reach peak plasma levels of HMB relative to administration of a similar dosage of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in improved bioavailability and improved pharmokinetic parameters compared to administration of the calcium salt form of HMB.

Organosilicon compound microparticles and process for their preparation It is provided a combination of an organosilicon compound and arabic gum in the form of microparticles, wherein the organo silicon has the formula (I): wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from hydrogen and a (C.sub.rC.sub.4)alkyl group; R.sup.3 is hydroxyl; and R.sup.4is hydroxyl or a (C.sub.rC.sub.4) alkyl group; the arabic gum is forming a polymeric matrix having interspaces, and the organosilicon compound is distributed in the interspaces of the polymeric matrix. It is also provided a process for its preparation and a composition comprising the mentioned combination.

The present invention provides a composition comprising adenosine or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acting as an absorption enhancer when combined with a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug. Methods of administering ATP or adenosine to improve the bioavailability of a nutritional material(s) such as nutrients, protein, peptides, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals, fatty acids, or amino acids or a drug are described.