A synchronizing ring for a synchronizer of a transmission. The synchronizing ring is provided with a plurality of axially extending cams for engagement with a further synchronizing ring. An axial surface of each axial cam is provided with at least one groove for transportation of oil.

A clutch assembly includes a first clutch having a first translator and a friction pack and a second clutch having first and second coupling members, a locking element, and a second translator. The friction pack includes a first plate fixed to the first coupling member and a second plate fixed to the second coupling member. The first translator of the first clutch is movable to an actuated position in which the plates of the friction pack are engaged with one another thereby causing angular velocities of the first and second coupling members to be synchronized. The second translator of the second clutch is movable to an extended position in which the locking element engages the first and second coupling members with one another thereby causing a power flow path through the first and second coupling members.

A synchronizer for mechanical transmissions having a phasing system configured so as to include a plurality of first cavities on an internal cylindrical surface of a rim of a hub, the hub torsionally connected with a transmission shaft, forming the external teeth of the hub and, for each of the first cavities, either a tooth which radially protrudes from an external cylindrical surface of a synchronizing ring of the synchronizer and is arranged to engage in the first cavity, or a connecting pin arranged to engage on one side the first cavity and on the other a respective second cavity on the external cylindrical surface, wherein the first cavities have an arc- or round-shaped cross-section.

A synchronizer apparatus for a transmission includes first and second shifting gears rotatable on output shaft, a hub spline-coupled with output shaft and having a slope portion having slanted surfaces, a sleeve spline-coupled with hub, a key coupled with the slope portion, first and second clutch gears disposed between hub and shifting gears, first and second outer rings and first and second inner rings disposed between hub and clutch gears, first and second synchronizer cones disposed between first inner and outer rings and second inner and outer rings and engaged with clutch gears, a poppet ball unit disposed at sleeve and contacting key through a poppet ball, first and second push blocks disposed at slanted surfaces, and first and second push springs inserted in spring holes formed at push blocks. In addition, the push springs is abutted by key such to force push blocks to tightly contact slanted surfaces.

A control apparatus for a synchronous meshing mechanism that is equipped with a gear, a sleeve, a synchronizer ring, and a hydraulic actuator is provided. When it is determined that the sleeve and the gear have been rotationally synchronized with each other in an engagement transition period of the synchronous meshing mechanism, an electronic control unit with which the control apparatus is equipped sets a command pressure for the hydraulic actuator to an intermediate pressure that is lower than a meshing completion pressure. Besides, when meshing has not been completed even after the lapse of a predetermined time from a timing when the command pressure for the hydraulic actuator is set to the intermediate pressure, the electronic control unit sets the command pressure for the hydraulic actuator to the meshing completion pressure.

A complex synchronizer may include a first connection gear and a second connection gear that are fixed to a shaft; a first external gear having a first sleeve, which can engage with the first connection gear by sliding along the shaft, and rotatably mounted on the shaft; a second external gear having a second sleeve, which can engage with the second connection gear by sliding along the shaft, and rotatably mounted on the shaft; and an intermediate gear being able to connect or disconnect the first sleeve and the second sleeve, depending on axial sliding states of the first sleeve and the second sleeve.

A hybrid powertrain may include an engine input shaft connected to an engine by a main clutch, a motor input shaft mounted coaxially with the engine input shaft and connected to a motor, a center synchronizer installed to interrupt connection between the engine input shaft and the motor input shaft, first and second output shafts mounted parallel to the engine input shaft, a variable driving gear provided on the motor input shaft to maintain or increase a rotation speed of the motor input shaft and then to transmit the maintained or increased rotation speed to the first output shaft, and plural external gear pairs installed to form different transmission gear ratios between the engine input shaft and the first output shaft and between the engine input shaft and the second output shaft.

The synchronizer may have a hub provided with external teeth. An actuating sleeve may be provided with internal teeth meshing with the external teeth of the hub. At least one synchronizing ring may be provided with external teeth arranged to mesh with the internal teeth of the actuating sleeve and has, on its radially internal side, a friction surface arranged to cooperate with a friction surface associated to a respective gear wheel to allow generation of a friction torque between the synchronizing ring and the associated gear wheel. A pre-synchronization system may have more than two blocking elements operatively placed between the hub and the actuating sleeve. A phasing system may be provided to ensure a given angular positioning of the synchronizing ring with respect to the hub about the longitudinal axis. The phasing system may have a plurality of first cavities provided on an internal cylindrical surface of a ring gear of the hub forming the external teeth of the hub, each of the first cavities having an arc- or round-shaped cross-section, in particular a semi-circular cross-section.

A method produces a synchronizer ring for a synchronizing device in which blocking teeth extending radially outwards or radially inwards are produced by a forging method. The blocking teeth each have a flank portion and two oblique top flanks merging into a common top ridge. A depression is formed on the rear side of a blocking tooth opposite the top ridge.

A synchronizer ring is made of steel and has a main body with a conical friction surface. A toothing and at least one blocking body project radially outward from the main body. The blocking body has an engagement section extending in the axial direction. The engagement section has a first edge, which runs approximately parallel to a first end face of the main body and has a first width extending in the circumferential direction, and two mutually opposite second edges extending from the first edge. To improve the durability of the synchronizer ring, the second edges have a convex curvature in a plan view of the engagement section. A second width extending in the circumferential direction between the second edges is greater than the first width at a depth spaced apart from the first edge.