A braking device for a vehicle may have a disc with a disc body with at least one connection portion. The connection portion having at least one arm, which projects cantilevered. The arm has a free terminal end and an attachment root. The root has at least one contact area of an elastic element with seat walls. The at least one arm has at least one working portion which touches the engagement portion of a bush and affects the bush to abut against a dragging surface.

A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.

A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.

A brake rotor has a circumferential brake track disposed about an axis of rotation of the brake rotor. The rotor has an outer peripheral edge circumferentially around the brake rotor. The rotor has two surfaces that face axially outward away from one another and that are on axially opposed sides of the brake rotor. The two surfaces define a thickness therebetween. The rotor has an edge surface facing radially outward on the outer peripheral edge. The rotor has a transition between each of the two surfaces and the edge surface. At least a portion of the edge surface is not perpendicular to the two surfaces in an axial direction.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.

A braking device for a vehicle may have a disc with a disc body with at least one connection portion. The connection portion having at least one arm, which projects cantilevered. The arm has a free terminal end and an attachment root. The root has at least one contact area of an elastic element with seat walls. The at least one arm has at least one working portion which touches the engagement portion of a bush and affects the bush to abut against a dragging surface.

An electromagnetic active brake which is de-energized in the brake standby state, includinga brake body (1), a brake device with at least two opposing brake shoes (9, 12) which are spaced from a component to be braked in the de-energized state of the active brake, and an electromagnet (5) which is arranged in the brake body (1) and the armature (6) of which interacts with a brake lever (2). The armature (6) of the electromagnet (5) is rigidly connected to a spring compressor (3) which is guided in the brake body (1) and which is moved by the armature (6) in the axial direction of the armature (6) when the electromagnet (5) is energized and in this manner clamps a spring (16) against an abutment (20) that interacts with the brake lever (2) and is arranged in an axially adjustable manner in the direction of the path of the spring compressor (3). The active brake according to the invention is highly energy-saving and thus economical.

A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.