A method and a braking system are described. The braking system includes a rotor connected to a wheel of the vehicle, a speed sensor measuring a vehicle speed, a first brake including a first piston and at least one brake pad coupled to the rotor, a second brake including a second piston and a brake pad coupled to the rotor, and a brake controller configured to activate the first piston to engage or disengage the first brake with the rotor, receive signal from the speed sensor to determine a stopping distance, compute a braking threshold based on the stopping distance, and activate the second piston to engage or disengage the second brake with the rotor based on the braking threshold.

A caliper comprising: (a) an inboard side; (b) an outward side, wherein the inboard side and the outboard side include three or more bores that are radially staggered relative to two or more of the bores; and (c) a pocket located within a central region of the inboard side, the outboard side, or both; wherein the bores on the inboard side, the outboard side, or both are positioned so that: (i) all of the bores are located entirely radially below the pocket; (ii) none of the bores are located below the pocket; (iii) one or more of the bores are located partially radially below the pocket; (iv) one or more of the bores are located entirely radially below the pocket; (v) one or more of the bores are not located partially or entirely radially below the pocket; or (vi) a combination of (iii) through (v).

A hydraulic anti-lock brake wheel cylinder includes a cylinder body with a first cavity having an end cover, a first oil chamber interface, a second oil chamber interface and an oil return interface. A first piston is arranged within the first cavity, a first spring between the first piston and the end cover, a first oil chamber between the first piston and a bottom of the first cavity, the first oil chamber communicating with the first oil chamber interface; the first piston having a second cavity, a second piston arranged within the second cavity; a second spring between the second piston and a bottom of the second cavity, a second oil chamber between the second piston and a top of the second cavity; a core tube within the cylinder body, and one end of the core tube communicating with the second oil chamber, the other end communicating with the second oil chamber interface; the oil return interface communicating with the first oil chamber when the first piston moves outwards to a set position.

A brake system that includes a brake caliper and a brake pad. The brake caliper includes a bridge. The bridge includes a lateral member that connects an inboard side of the brake caliper and an outboard side of the brake caliper. The brake pad includes an upper pad abutment. During forward braking, the brake pad rotates until that the upper pad abutment contacts the lateral member and torque from the brake pad is distributed from the brake pad at least to the inboard side the outboard side of the brake caliper.

A disc brake device is provided with a first pressing member disposed between a caliper and a pair of brake pads. The first pressing member has: a base section mounted to the caliper; a pair of plate spring sections extending from the base section toward one circumferential side of a disc rotor and toward the pair of brake pads and pressing the pair of brake pads inward radially; and an extension section extending from the base section toward said one circumferential side and supported by the caliper from the outside radially of the disc rotor.

A tool for a brake system may comprise a tool body configured to fit within a recess of a body of the caliper assembly. The tool body comprises a first section; the first side comprises a raised surface; the second side comprises a base surface. The first section is to be inserted into the recess of the caliper assembly; in a first mode the first piston set is blocked by the raised surface and the second piston set is unblocked; in a second mode the second piston set is blocked by the raised surface and the first piston set is unblocked. The tool body comprises a second section to be inserted into the recess of the caliper assembly; in a third mode both the first piston set and the second piston set are blocked from movement. A brake system may comprise an improved master cylinder assembly.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

A clamping device for a braking system including a caliper supporting at least two hydraulic actuators each configured to provide a clamping force in order to force friction elements together, and at least one electric actuator which is configured to provide the clamping force and coupled to a mechanism for converting the rotational movement of an output shaft of the electric actuator into a translational movement in order to force the friction elements together. The clamping device includes a mechanism for balancing the clamping forces of the hydraulic and electric actuators which adapts the orientation of at least one of the friction elements according to its wear, regardless of the type of actuation used.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

A brake caliper has a fixed seat. The fixed seat has a first brake lining and a second brake lining. The fixed seat further has a first piston and a second piston that can be pushed by hydraulic oil. A movable seat is slidably disposed on the fixed seat. The movable seat has a link portion that can link the first brake lining and a drive unit that can push the second piston mechanically. The first piston and the second piston can be pushed hydraulically to drive the first brake lining and the second brake lining for braking. The drive unit pushes the second piston to drive the second brake lining, and pushes the movable seat to drive the first brake lining for braking.