There are provided a friction member in which both shear strength at normal temperature and high temperature and crack resistance can be satisfied, the disk rotor-attacking properties are low, and the vibration damping properties are high, and brake squeal is less likely to occur, and a friction material composition for an underlay material with which the friction member is obtained, and a friction material. The friction member is more specifically a friction member comprising an overlay material, an underlay material, and a back metal in this order, wherein the underlay material comprises fibrous wollastonite, an average fiber length of the fibrous wollastonite is 100 to 850 m, and an aspect ratio (average fiber length/average fiber diameter) of the fibrous wollastonite is 8 or more.

A method of producing a friction material. The method includes mixing silica containing filler particles and a liquid binder to form a binder-filler liquid mixture. The method also includes saturating a fibrous base material with the binder-filler liquid mixture to form a saturated fibrous base material. The method further includes curing the saturated fibrous base material at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to cure the saturated fibrous base material to form the friction material.

A brake pad according to an embodiment includes a friction material containing copper at 0.5 wt % or less, a back plate, and an under-layer material laminated between the friction material and the back plate and having an average loss modulus of 500 MPa or more at 50 C. to 0 C. in a bending mode.

A wet running friction lining includes a plastic matrix, which contains at least one filler. The wet running friction lining contains bentonite as a filler.

A preform for a carbon-carbon composite including a plurality of fibrous layers stacked and needled-punched together to form the preform in the shape of an annulus having an inner radial section and an outer radial section. Each fibrous layer includes a respective plurality of fabric segments comprising at least one of carbon fibers or carbon-precursor fibers. At least one fibrous layer includes a first fabric segment forming at least a portion the inner radial section, the first fabric segment defining a first segment bisector and a first fiber orientation angle, and a second fabric segment forming at least a portion the outer radial section, the second fabric segment defining a second segment bisector and a second fiber orientation angle, where the first and second segment bisectors are radially aligned and the first fiber orientation angle is different than the second fiber orientation angle.

A method of making a wet friction material layer includes adding a media in liquid form to a material base including filler particles embedded in a matrix of fibers; drying the media to solidify the media on the filler particles such that the media plugs holes in the filler particles; adding a binder to the material base; and unplugging at least some of the holes in the filler particles by removing at least some of the media from the material base.

A preform for a carbon-carbon composite including a plurality of fibrous layers superposed and needled-punched together. Each fibrous layer of the plurality of fibrous layers includes web fibers and tow fibers that each include at least one of carbon fibers or carbon-precursor fibers. The plurality of fibrous layers includes a first, a second, and a third fibrous layer, the third fibrous layer positioned between the first and the second fibrous layers. The third fibrous layer includes at least one of a ratio of web fibers to tow fibers that is less than a ratio of web fibers to tow fibers of the first fibrous layer, an areal weight that is greater than an areal weight of the first fibrous layer, or a pre-needled thickness that is greater than a pre-needled thickness the first fibrous layer.

A preform for a carbon-carbon composite including a plurality of fibrous layers stacked and needled-punched together to form the preform in the shape of an annulus having an inner radial section and an outer radial section. Each fibrous layer includes a respective plurality of fabric segments comprising at least one of carbon fibers or carbon-precursor fibers. At least one fibrous layer includes a first fabric segment forming at least a portion the inner radial section, the first fabric segment defining a first segment bisector and a first fiber orientation angle, and a second fabric segment forming at least a portion the outer radial section, the second fabric segment defining a second segment bisector and a second fiber orientation angle, where the first and second segment bisectors are radially aligned and the first fiber orientation angle is different than the second fiber orientation angle.

A method of making a fibrous preform in carbon and/or fibres of a carbon precursor may include superposing at least two layers of carbon fibres and/or fibres of a carbon precursor according to a predefined superposition axis Z so as to form a multilayer body. The method may also include needle-punching via least one first needle-punching device the multilayer body in a needle-punching direction substantially parallel to the superposition axis Z to arrange at least part of the fibres parallel to the superposition axis Z, so as to obtain a needle-punched multilayer body. An optional step may include superposing with each other according to the superposition axis Z two or more of the needle-punched multilayer bodies, obtained separately by applying the above steps.

A method of making a fibrous preform in carbon and/or fibres of a carbon precursor may include superposing at least two layers of carbon fibres and/or fibres of a carbon precursor according to a predefined superposition axis Z so as to form a multilayer body. The method may also include needle-punching via least one first needle-punching device the multilayer body in a needle-punching direction substantially parallel to the superposition axis Z to arrange at least part of the fibres parallel to the superposition axis Z, so as to obtain a needle-punched multilayer body. An optional step may include superposing with each other according to the superposition axis Z two or more of the needle-punched multilayer bodies, obtained separately by applying the above steps.