A vent, preferably made of metal, comprises a body (10) having an aperture (24) for the passage of a fluid and a sealing surface (11) surrounding the aperture. A porous membrane (50) lies against the sealing surface (11) and covers the aperture (24). A clamp arrangement may comprise a spring (30) pressing the membrane against the sealing surface (11) to prevent liquid from passing through between the sealing surface (11) and the membrane (50), e.g. by means of a cap (40) secured to the body (10) of the vent. The clamp arrangement is such that upon a reduction of the membrane thickness by 50% in the clamping area the compressive force per unit area does not change by more than 50%.

A spring seat attachment assembly for use with an axle/suspension system having at least one leaf spring and an axle, said attachment assembly including a band and a spring seat. The band may include a locator structure and is fixed to the axle and extends around a portion of the axle between 180 degrees and 360 degrees. The spring seat receives the leaf spring and is fixed to the band.

A collapsible extension pole comprised of extension pole members which are connected together in an end-to-end manner. The extension pole of this invention includes the use of spring clips to ensure that the extension pole members will not disconnect from one another during the use thereof.

A linear spring member having an annular region with a first thickness connected in series by cylindrical regions having a second thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness. Outer portions of adjacent annular regions are coupled together by a first cylindrical region and inner portions of adjacent annular regions are coupled together by a second cylindrical region such that the effective spring rate of the bi-directional spring device increases symmetrically as it is displaced in either compression or tension.

A linear spring member having an annular region with a first thickness connected in series by cylindrical regions having a second thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness. Outer portions of adjacent annular regions are coupled together by a first cylindrical region and inner portions of adjacent annular regions are coupled together by a second cylindrical region such that the effective spring rate of the bi-directional spring device increases symmetrically as it is displaced in either compression or tension.

A quadrangular leaf spring of a quadrangle for generating vibration within a linear vibration motor includes a bottom support having an outer edge of a square form, a top support having a given height with respect to the bottom support and moved up and down by an elastic force of an elastic leg part, and the elastic leg part connected to an inside of the bottom support and upward extended up to the top support. A portion where the elastic leg part and the bottom support are connected is closer to a corner than to a center of each side of the bottom support. A right line of a portion of the elastic leg part connected to the bottom support is extended from the bottom support to the upper side in a concave shape with respect to the center of the leaf spring.

A spring element that includes one or more loop portions. Each loop portion provides vibration isolation characteristics for the spring element. One or more fastening portions of the spring element enable the fastening or connecting of the spring element to one or more structures. A ratio of a longitudinal measure of each loop portion to a transverse measure of the spring element is between 7.5 and 500. A pair of loop portions may be integrally joined together at a middle section to form a continuous loop. A pair of fastening portions may be integrally joined to opposing sides of the middle section, respectively. One of the fastening portions may be connected to a first structure and the other one of the fastening portions may be connected to a second structure.

A vehicle wheel suspension system includes two relatively movable portions and a resilient blade that includes two means for mechanical connection to both relatively movable portions, respectively. The blade has a flexural resilience at least 100 times greater than the tensile resilience, and is resiliently deformable between: a resting state in which the blade has an inwardly curved profile, and a maximally extended state in which the blade has an elongate profile, the length of which corresponds to that of the neutral fiber of the blade, while passing through intermediate extension states in which the blade has profiles that are less and less inwardly curved. The suspension system is deformable between an initial state in which the relatively movable portions are in a close configuration, and a compressed state in which the relatively movable portions are in a separated configuration and bias the blade.

A vehicle wheel suspension system includes two relatively movable portions and a resilient blade that includes two means for mechanical connection to both relatively movable portions, respectively. The blade has a flexural resilience at least 100 times greater than the tensile resilience, and is resiliently deformable between: a resting state in which the blade has an inwardly curved profile, and a maximally extended state in which the blade has an elongate profile, the length of which corresponds to that of the neutral fiber of the blade, while passing through intermediate extension states in which the blade has profiles that are less and less inwardly curved. The suspension system is deformable between an initial state in which the relatively movable portions are in a close configuration, and a compressed state in which the relatively movable portions are in a separated configuration and bias the blade.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a spring for inspecting the stress distribution of the spring under load. The method for manufacturing a spring (1) includes the steps of applying a load to the spring (1), measuring the stress of the spring (1) under the load, and releasing the load applied to the spring (1), the measuring the stress of the spring (1) being made by measuring the stress on the surface of the active part of the spring (1) using X-ray diffraction with the cosa method, and the method further including the step of determining whether the magnitude of the stress of the spring (1) meets a criterion.