A plate spring member having a compressive residual stress distribution its which a compressive residual stress of at least part of a portion having a depth from a surface within 50 μm is 500 MPa or more, and the compressive residual stress of a portion having a depth from the surface exceeding 50 μm is less than 500 MPa.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a spring for inspecting the stress distribution of the spring under load. The method for manufacturing a spring (1) includes the steps of applying a load to the spring (1), measuring the stress of the spring (1) under the load, and releasing the load applied to the spring (1), the measuring the stress of the spring (1) being made by measuring the stress on the surface of the active part of the spring (1) using X-ray diffraction with the cosa method, and the method further including the step of determining whether the magnitude of the stress of the spring (1) meets a criterion.

A damper device includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder disposed inside the outer cylinder and having an inner chamber, a lower open end, and an upper closed end wall with a vent hole, a piston disposed in the inner chamber and having a passageway, a check valve coupled to the passageway to permit only upward flowing of a working fluid in the inner chamber through the passageway, and a piston rod having a lower rod end disposed outwardly of the outer cylinder, and an upper rod mounted to permit the piston to slide with the piston rod. The sliding of the piston rod is dampened by sliding of the piston in the inner chamber. A hinge assembly including the damper device is also disclosed.

A disk spring for an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided. The disk spring includes an annular base body extending around a central longitudinal axis and along a circumferential direction of the disk spring and enclosing a disk opening. Preload elements are formed on an inner circumference of the base body for exerting a preload force on a mounting section of an exhaust gas turbocharger inserted into the disk opening.

A disk spring for an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided. The disk spring includes an annular base body extending around a central longitudinal axis and along a circumferential direction of the disk spring and enclosing a disk opening. Preload elements are formed on an inner circumference of the base body for exerting a preload force on a mounting section of an exhaust gas turbocharger inserted into the disk opening.

An electromagnetic connecting device includes a flange of a hub, an armature supported by the flange via a leaf spring, a rotor accommodating an electromagnetic coil, and an anti-vibration member. When an electric current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil, the armature moves in the axial direction of the hub against the spring force of the leaf spring, and is attracted to the rotor. The leaf spring includes a moving portion that moves in the axial direction together with the movement of the armature. The anti-vibration member is fixed to the moving portion of the leaf spring. The anti-vibration member includes a stopper that comes in contact with the flange, and a damper that comes in contact with the armature. With this configuration, an electromagnetic connecting device capable of reducing an impact sound both when the armature is attracted and released can be manufactured at a low manufacturing cost.

A method of making a carbon fiber wave spring includes forming a disc-shaped ring from prepreg carbon fibers. The disc-shaped ring is then formed into a desired wave shape. The disc-shaped ring in the wave shape is then cured to form a wave spring.

A wastegate assembly for controlling flow of exhaust gas includes a valve element having a valve body and a valve shaft. The wastegate assembly further includes a spindle. The wastegate assembly further includes a washer coupled to the valve shaft and spaced from the spindle for securing the spindle to the valve shaft. A plurality of cup springs is disposed between the spindle and the washer. The plurality of cup springs includes at least a first cup spring and a second cup spring, with the first cup spring supported on the spindle head and the second cup spring orientated substantially identical to the first cup spring and disposed directly on the first cup spring.

A turbocharger includes a variable-nozzle cartridge having a nozzle ring that supports an array of variable vanes in the turbine nozzle. A heat shroud and spring assembly is disposed in a space bounded between the turbine wheel, the nozzle ring, and the center bearing housing of the turbocharger. The heat shroud and spring assembly includes discretely formed heat shroud and spring components configured as annular non-planar disk-shaped parts. The heat shroud and spring are in contact with each other at their radially inner and radially outer peripheral regions, but are spaced apart between those peripheral regions, thereby creating a sealed-off dead space between them. The dead space can significantly reduce the maximum temperature of the spring, relative to arrangements having a single shroud or having dual shrouds with no dead space between them.

A turbocharger includes a variable-nozzle cartridge having a nozzle ring that supports an array of variable vanes in the turbine nozzle. A heat shroud and spring assembly is disposed in a space bounded between the turbine wheel, the nozzle ring, and the center bearing housing of the turbocharger. The heat shroud and spring assembly includes discretely formed heat shroud and spring components configured as annular non-planar disk-shaped parts. The heat shroud and spring are in contact with each other at their radially inner and radially outer peripheral regions, but are spaced apart between those peripheral regions, thereby creating a sealed-off dead space between them. The dead space can significantly reduce the maximum temperature of the spring, relative to arrangements having a single shroud or having dual shrouds with no dead space between them.