A damping pad is formed with a hollow portion, from an upper surface to a lower surface of the damping pad. The damping pad has at least two cross sections with different hollow proportions. The cross sections having different hollow proportions enable the damping pad to absorb vibrations of different frequencies and waveforms and of various combinations of different frequencies and waveforms, such that the damping pad achieves good absorption and damping of vibrations of various frequencies and waveforms and complex combinations thereof.

A damping pad is formed with a hollow portion, from an upper surface to a lower surface of the damping pad. The damping pad has at least two cross sections with different hollow proportions. The cross sections having different hollow proportions enable the damping pad to absorb vibrations of different frequencies and waveforms and of various combinations of different frequencies and waveforms, such that the damping pad achieves good absorption and damping of vibrations of various frequencies and waveforms and complex combinations thereof.

A machine includes a section that defines a target vibrational mode to dampen and a nanocellular foam damper that includes interconnected ligaments in a cellular structure. The interconnected ligaments have an average ligament size defined with respect to a vibrational loss modulus of the nanocellular foam damper and the target vibrational mode. Also disclosed is a method of damping vibration.

A machine includes a section that defines a target vibrational mode to dampen and a nanocellular foam damper that includes interconnected ligaments in a cellular structure. The interconnected ligaments have an average ligament size defined with respect to a vibrational loss modulus of the nanocellular foam damper and the target vibrational mode. Also disclosed is a method of damping vibration.

A vibration module for applying vibrational tractions to a wearer's skin is presented. Use of the vibration module in headphones is illustrated for providing tactile sensations of low frequency for music, for massage, and for electrical recording and stimulation of the wearer. Damped, planar, electromagnetically-actuated vibration modules of the moving magnet type are presented in theory and reduced to practice, and shown to provide a substantially uniform frequency response over the range 40-200 Hz with a minimum of unwanted audio.

A machine includes a section that defines a target vibrational mode to dampen and a nanocellular foam damper that includes interconnected ligaments in a cellular structure. The interconnected ligaments have an average ligament size defined with respect to a vibrational loss modulus of the nanocellular foam damper and the target vibrational mode. Also disclosed is a method of damping vibration.

A machine includes a section that defines a target vibrational mode to dampen and a nanocellular foam damper that includes interconnected ligaments in a cellular structure. The interconnected ligaments have an average ligament size defined with respect to a vibrational loss modulus of the nanocellular foam damper and the target vibrational mode. Also disclosed is a method of damping vibration.

A vibration module for applying vibrational tractions to a wearer's skin is presented. Use of the vibration module in headphones is illustrated for providing tactile sensations of low frequency for music, for massage, and for electrical recording and stimulation of the wearer. Damped, planar, electromagnetically-actuated vibration modules of the moving magnet type are presented in theory and reduced to practice, and shown to provide a substantially uniform frequency response over the range 40-200 Hz with a minimum of unwanted audio.

A vibration module for applying vibrational tractions to a wearer's skin is presented. Use of the vibration module in headphones is illustrated for providing tactile sensations of low frequency for music, for massage, and for electrical recording and stimulation of the wearer. Damped, planar, electromagnetically-actuated vibration modules of the moving magnet type are presented in theory and reduced to practice, and shown to provide a substantially uniform frequency response over the range 40-200 Hz with a minimum of unwanted audio.

An impact absorbing device is disclosed for reducing a force exerted against a falling object upon impact of a falling object, the device comprising: a first layer including one or more baffles configured to undergo compression in response to the impact of the falling object, wherein pressure is increased as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles to exert a force which decelerates the falling object; and a second layer including one or more baffles layered on the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein the one or more baffles of the second layer are configured to undergo compression in response to the compression of the one or more baffles of the first layer, wherein pressure is increased in the one or more baffles as a result of restriction of air displacement and/or contents in the one or more baffles upon the compression of the one or more baffles and wherein increased pressure in the one or more baffles increases compression resistance of the one or more baffles causing the one or more baffles into contact the first layer and exert a force which decelerates said falling object.