The present disclosure relates to a friction member and a master cylinder including the same. The master cylinder includes a cylinder body with a bore formed therein, a piston configured to move forward and backward in the bore and protrude a portion thereof from the cylinder body, a housing configured to surround the protruding portion of the piston and having a through hole formed therein such that an input rod connected to a brake pedal to press the piston is inserted, a friction member provided between the housing and the piston to increase a frictional force with the piston when the piston moves forward and backward, and a pedal simulator connected to the piston to provide a repulsive force to the brake pedal.

A damper providing varying damping force is provided. The damper may include a housing and a rotary member rotatably received the housing. The rotary member may rotate within the housing between defined end points of travel to define an angular range of travel of the rotary member. An outermost surface of the rotary member may be spaced inwardly from an inner surface of the housing defined between the end points of travel to define a gap between the outermost surface of the rotary member and the inner surface of the housing throughout the angular range of travel. The gap may vary in dimension depending on a rotational position of the rotary member to provide varying damping rates within the angular range of travel of the rotary member.

A spring element, in particular a jounce bumper, for a vehicle shock absorber contains a longitudinal axis, a base body extending along the longitudinal axis, and an end portion configured for contact against a damper cap of the vehicle shock absorber. The base body is elastically deformable between an uncompressed basic state and a compressed state in which the base body is at least partially compressed in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The end portion contains at least three projections that are spaced apart from one another in a circumferential direction, and protrude from the base body in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Each of the projections has a distinct length in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and the projections are arranged along the circumference of the end portion such that the lengths of the projections increase monotonously in the circumferential direction.

A rotary damper includes a rotating input member rotating about a rotation axis; a first cylinder and a second cylinder coaxially arranged on opposite sides of the rotation axis; a first and a second pistons slidable inside the first and second cylinders and defining a first and a second working chambers containing incompressible working fluids, respectively; motion conversion mechanisms converting the rotary motion of the rotating input member about the rotation axis into reciprocating motion of the first and second pistons; a third cylinder; a fourth cylinder; and a third and fourth pistons, slidable inside the third and fourth cylinders, respectively and separating the inner volume of the respective cylinder into a respective main chamber in fluid communication with the first working chamber and auxiliary chambers; and the second working chamber and auxiliary chambers respectively.

A front fork includes a first shock absorber and a second shock absorber disposed respectively on both sides of a vehicle wheel. The first shock absorber includes a set of tubes configured to slide relative to each other; damping force generation parts configured to generate a damping force in accordance with the sliding of the tubes; and a spring configured to urge the set of tubes in a stretching direction. The second shock absorber includes a set of tubes configured to slide relative to each other; and a coil spring configured to urge the set of tubes in the stretching direction.

A front fork includes a first shock absorber and a second shock absorber disposed respectively on both sides of a vehicle wheel. The first shock absorber includes a set of tubes configured to slide relative to each other; damping force generation parts configured to generate a damping force in accordance with the sliding of the tubes; and a spring configured to urge the set of tubes in a stretching direction. The second shock absorber includes a set of tubes configured to slide relative to each other; and a coil spring configured to urge the set of tubes in the stretching direction.

A shock absorber with a hydrostopper is provided. The hydrostopper includes a stopper piston that is relatively displaceable along a rod portion of a piston and partitions one cylinder chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and a compression coil spring that biases the stopper piston against a stopper disc fixed to the rod portion in the lower chamber. The stopper piston has an orifice passage connecting the upper and lower chambers. The hydrostopper includes an elastic disk functioning as an elastically deformable member that increases an amount of elastic deformation to increase an amount of reduction of an effective passage cross-sectional area of the orifice passage as a differential pressure between pressures in the upper and lower chambers is larger when the pressure in the upper chamber is higher than the pressure in the lower chamber.

A spring element, in particular a jounce bumper, for a vehicle shock absorber contains a longitudinal axis, a base body having a length along the longitudinal axis, and an end portion configured for contact against a damper cap of the vehicle shock absorber. The base body is elastically deformable between an uncompressed basic state and a compressed state in which the base body is at least partially compressed in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The end portion contains a contact surface that is wound along a helix around the longitudinal axis.

A hydraulic damper assembly comprises a housing extending between a first end and a second end. A main piston is slidably disposed in the fluid chamber dividing the fluid chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. A piston rod extends along a center axis and attaches to the main piston. An additional piston is coupled to the piston rod and axially spaced from the main piston. The additional piston includes a main body defining a compression channel and a rebound channel that allow fluid to flow through the additional piston. A securing member secures the additional piston to the piston rod and defines an outer groove. A piston ring is located in the outer groove between the additional piston and the securing member. The piston ring is radially spaced from the securing member to allow the piston ring to be in engagement with the housing.

A bumper cap for a damper, the damper including an outer tube with a tube end. A rod extending through the tube end. The damper including a damping fluid, such as a hydraulic oil, that is movable within the damper in response to movement of the rod to provide a damping effect. The bumper cap has a cup shaped body having a side wall and a base, the side wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface having a dimension that is sized to be press fit over the outer tube. The base of the bumper cap has a through hole in the base, the through hole configured to have the rod pass therethrough. The base has at least one fluid passage extending away from the through hole that is in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir in the side wall.