A damper of shock and vibration. In one embodiment there is a hydraulic damper with a regressive damping characteristic in both compression and extension, such that damping forces decrease with increased stroking velocity within a predetermined range of stroking velocity. Outside of this range, damping forces are progressive, such that the damping force increases with increased stroking velocity. In another embodiment, there is a hydraulic damper with a second, slidable piston within one of the internal chambers defined by the main piston. This secondary piston is spring loaded and hydraulically latchable at either a first position or a second position based on the pressure differential across the main piston.

A steel wire is formed of a steel containing: not less than 0.6 mass % and not more than 0.7 mass % carbon, not less than 1.2 mass % and not more than 2.1 mass % silicon, not less than 0.2 mass % and not more than 0.6 mass % manganese, not less than 1.4 mass % and not more than 2 mass % chromium, and not less than 0.15 mass % and not more than 0.3 mass % vanadium, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel includes a matrix made up of tempered martensite, and a non-metallic inclusion present in the matrix. When √area of the non-metallic inclusion is represented as H.sub.1 and √area of a region including both the non-metallic inclusion and a decreased-hardness portion is represented as H.sub.2, a ratio of H.sub.2 to H.sub.1, or, H.sub.2/H.sub.1 is at least 1 and less than 1.3.

A hybrid impact passive energy absorber has a rigid housing with a mounting base. A housing body includes an interior chamber formed around a chamber axis spanning between two ends of the body. A chamber central portion is partially bounded by first and second central chamber walls. A first chamber end portion extends from the body first end and the first central chamber wall, and a second chamber end portion extends from the body second end and the second central chamber wall. A shaft is disposed within the housing chamber along the chamber axis between the housing first and second ends. An internal mass within the chamber central portion slides on the shaft passing through an internal mass central bore. First and second helical springs surround the shaft on either side of the internal mass, abutting both the chamber end and the internal mass.

Example aspects of a sliding disc assembly for a dual spring valve, a dual spring valve, and a method of operating a dual spring valve are disclosed. The sliding disc assembly can comprise a shaft defining a first end and a second end; a disc mounted on the shaft between the first end and the second end, the disc defining an upper disc surface, a lower disc surface, and an annular base surface; a first spring mounted on the shaft between the lower disc surface and the first end of the shaft; and a second spring mounted on the shaft between the upper disc surface and the second end of the shaft, wherein the first spring defines a spring force that is different from a spring force of the second spring.

According to an embodiment, a coil spring includes a wire rod having an end and the other end. The wire rod of the coil spring includes, with regard to a section of the wire rod, a round section potion of an effective spring part, a square section portion in which the section is substantially square, and a taper portion. The square section portion includes an end turn part. A length of each side of the section of the square section portion is less than or equal to a square root of ½ multiplied by a diameter of the wire rod of the round section portion. In the taper portion, from the round section portion to the square section portion, the section changes from a round shape to substantially a square shape, and a sectional area is decreased.

A composite coil spring includes a coil body that extends along a coiled axis. The coil body includes a polymer matrix and, disposed in the polymer matrix, a carbon fiber core and a plurality of fiber layers wrapped around the carbon fiber core in alternating oblique fiber angles to the coiled axis. The fiber layers include, from inside-out starting from the carbon fiber core, at least two consecutive carbon fiber intermediate fiber layers of alternating oblique fiber angles to the coiled axis, immediately followed by at least two consecutive glass fiber intermediate fiber layers of alternating oblique fiber angles to the coiled axis, and immediately followed by a carbon fiber outermost fiber layer.

An advanced (or supercoil) spring is disclosed herein. While the advanced spring can include any suitable feature, in some cases, it includes a coil spring having multiple external coils that define a portion of an inner lumen of the coil spring. In some such case, the coil spring further includes a first internal coil that extends at least partially into the inner lumen of the coil spring. In some cases, the external coils and the first internal coil are each made of, and comprise part of, one single continuous spring wire. In some cases, the coil spring includes a tension spring such that surfaces of adjacent external coils contact each other, and such that the first internal coil is disposed within a portion of the inner lumen defined by the adjacent external coils, when the coil spring is at rest. Additional implementations are discussed herein.

The present disclosure discloses a three-dimensional seismic and vibration isolator with adaptive stiffness property in both vertical and horizontal directions. The isolator comprises an upper connection plate, a middle plate, an lower connection plate, a disc spring, a pre-compressed helical springs, a laminated lead rubber bearing, and viscous dampers. The upper connection plate, the middle plate and lower connection plate are made of high strength low carbon steel. The upper connection plate and middle plate are tightly contacted by the occlusive design, to guide the vertical motion. The vertical isolation system is made up of the disc spring, pre-compressed helical spring, and viscous damper. The horizontal isolation system comprises the laminated lead rubber bearing, pre-compressed helical spring and viscous damper. The disclosure adopts the theory of nonlinear adaptive vibration control technology and can be used to protect building structures or instruments from the seismic strikes or other environmental vibrations.

A seat member has a seat portion, a receiving surface of which comes into contact with a bearing surface of an end turn portion, a mounting shaft portion protruded from the receiving surface of the seat portion, and an enlarged diameter portion formed at the front end of the mounting shaft portion for guiding press-fitting, in a cross section along an axial direction of a coil spring, an outer diameter of the enlarged diameter portion is set larger than an inner diameter of the end turn portion and an axial length of the enlarged diameter portion is set so that at least a maximum diagonal length of the seat member is larger than an inter-element wire distance.

A drive assembly for a vehicle drive train includes a base assembly including a base hub configured for non-rotatably connecting to an outer circumferential surface of a transmission input shaft. The base assembly includes a torsional damper fixed to the base hub. The torsional damper includes an input section and an output section drivingly connected by springs. The springs allow relative rotation between the input section and the output section. The output section of the torsional damper is non-rotatably fixed to the base hub. A hub assembly extension is configured for non-rotatably connecting to an engine crankshaft. The hub assembly extension is non-rotatably fixed to the input part of the torsional damper at an engine side of the torsional damper. The torsional damper allows relative rotation between the hub assembly extension and the base hub.