An internal combustion engine includes: a crankshaft supported via a bearing; a balancer drive gear; a balancer shaft; and a one-way clutch mechanism that transmits to the crankshaft a drive force to start the internal combustion engine. In the internal combustion engine, the bearing includes an oil seal built therein, the oil seal sealing a crank chamber of the crankcase. The one-way clutch mechanism includes a case fixed to the crankshaft and a starter driven gear provided relatively rotatably with respect to the case and driven by the drive force. The starter driven gear includes a thrust bearing portion that abuts on the balancer drive gear in an axial direction of the crankshaft.

An aircraft flight control system includes a first actuator attached to a wing main body, a horn arm configured to transmit an output of the first actuator to a control surface, and a second actuator that is a rotary actuator and attached to the control surface. At least one of the first actuator and the second actuator is an electromechanical actuator (EMA). A first end of the horn arm is coupled to an output terminal of the first actuator, and a second end of the horn arm is fixed to an output terminal of the second actuator. The second actuator is attached to the control surface such that a turning axis of the output terminal is parallel to or coincides with a fulcrum axis (hinge line) of the control surface.

A gearless drive comprising a reference crankshaft, a high-speed crankshaft, one or more linkages, and a low-speed member with linear slides is disclosed. The present invention provides a 2:1 reduction ratio without any gears, belts, chains, friction couplings, or other engaging members. Certain embodiments are balanced and may operate at high speed with little vibration. Pre-loaded rolling or self-lubricated joints may be used to eliminate backlash and the need for a lubrication system altogether. It is co-axial, does not slip, and may be produced using inexpensive materials, components, and manufacturing processes in both large and small form factors, due to the absence of any high-precision components. These advantages are well suited to applications which require high input speeds, low ratios, high efficiency, low complexity, high reliability and low cost.

A gearless drive comprising a reference crankshaft, a high-speed crankshaft, one or more linkages, and a low-speed member with linear slides is disclosed. The present invention provides a 2:1 reduction ratio without any gears, belts, chains, friction couplings, or other engaging members. Certain embodiments are balanced and may operate at high speed with little vibration. Pre-loaded rolling or self-lubricated joints may be used to eliminate backlash and the need for a lubrication system altogether. It is co-axial, does not slip, and may be produced using inexpensive materials, components, and manufacturing processes in both large and small form factors, due to the absence of any high-precision components. These advantages are well suited to applications which require high input speeds, low ratios, high efficiency, low complexity, high reliability and low cost.

Systems provide and methods utilize a multi-bar linkage in conjunction with an actuator to provide mechanical advantage which increases as a control surface moves towards the extremes of its operating envelope.

Systems provide and methods utilize a multi-bar linkage in conjunction with an actuator to provide mechanical advantage which increases as a control surface moves towards the extremes of its operating envelope.

A device for power transmission includes a drive plate, a support plate, an output plate, a first main slide rail, a first drive train element, a first counterforce element, a first power transmission element, and a first output element, wherein the drive plate, support plate, and output plate are disposed above one another. The counterforce element generates a counterforce such that the total force from the driving force and the counterforce acting on the first main slide rail leads to a rotational movement of the support plate. The first power transmission element causes a rotational power transmission during rotational movement of the support plate and the first output element is connected to the output plate such that during the rotational movement of the support plate, an output power transmission connection exists from the moving part of the first main slide rail to the first output element.

A device for power transmission includes a drive plate, a support plate, an output plate, a first main slide rail, a first drive train element, a first counterforce element, a first power transmission element, and a first output element, wherein the drive plate, support plate, and output plate are disposed above one another. The counterforce element generates a counterforce such that the total force from the driving force and the counterforce acting on the first main slide rail leads to a rotational movement of the support plate. The first power transmission element causes a rotational power transmission during rotational movement of the support plate and the first output element is connected to the output plate such that during the rotational movement of the support plate, an output power transmission connection exists from the moving part of the first main slide rail to the first output element.

A rotation pulsation generating mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission coupled between the drive motor and a rotation target, a cam fixed to a rotary shaft between the drive motor and the transmission so as be rotated by the drive motor, and a cam follower biased so as to press the cam. The cam pressed by the cam follower is rotated by the drive motor so as to generate rotation pulsation according to a rotational speed of the drive motor, and the rotational speed of the drive motor is changed by the transmission to a rotational speed of the rotation target different from that of the drive motor, so that a given order of rotation pulsation is applied to the rotation target.

A device for power transmission includes a drive plate, a support plate, an output plate, a first main slide rail, a first drive train element, a first counterforce element, a first power transmission element, and a first output element, wherein the drive plate, support plate, and output plate are disposed above one another. The counterforce element generates a counterforce such that the total force from the driving force and the counterforce acting on the first main slide rail leads to a rotational movement of the support plate. The first power transmission element causes a rotational power transmission during rotational movement of the support plate and the first output element is connected to the output plate such that during the rotational movement of the support plate, an output power transmission connection exists from the moving part of the first main slide rail to the first output element.