The present invention relates to a continuously variable transmission (1000, 8000) for a bicycle comprising: input means (1100, 2100, 3100), output means (1300, 2300, 3300, 4300, 300, 6300), and transmission means (1200) connecting the input means to the output means, wherein the output means comprise output controlling means (1340, 2340, 3340, 4340, 5340, 6340) controlling a gear ratio of the output means, wherein the continuously variable transmission is a V-belt type continuously variable trans mission.

A torque transmission device (100) includes a variator of a continuously variable unit (CVU) (20) arranged in parallel with a layshaft gearset (30). The CVU (20) includes a first pulley (22) rotatably coupled to a second pulley (24), and the layshaft gearset (30) includes a first gear element (32) meshingly engaged with an intermediate gear element (34) meshingly engaged with a second gear element (36). A transmission input member (12) is rotatably coupled to the first pulley (22) of the CVU (20), and is selectively rotatably coupled to the first gear element (32) of the layshaft gearset (30) by activation of a first clutch (37). A transmission output member (14) is rotatably coupled to the second pulley (24) of the CVU (20) and rotatably coupled to the second gear element (36) of the layshaft gearset (30). The transmission is disposed to operate in a continuously variable mode when the first clutch (37) is disengaged, and to operate in a fixed gear mode when the first clutch (37) is engaged.

A toroidal continuously variable transmission includes: input and output discs; a power roller sandwiched between the input disc and the output disc so as to be tiltable; a trunnion supporting the power roller and configured to be tiltable about a tilt axis of the power roller and reciprocatable in a direction along the tilt axis; a piston attached to a shaft portion of the trunnion so as to be externally fitted to the shaft portion; and a cylinder forming a pressure chamber which makes the piston reciprocate in the direction along the tilt axis. An inside gap is formed between an outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion of the trunnion and an inner peripheral surface of the piston.

A power unit of a utility vehicle includes a power source for travel of the utility vehicle, a continuously variable transmission, a gear transmission, a first clutch, a second clutch, and an output mechanism. The gear transmission includes a first GT input shaft, a second GT input shaft, a GT output shaft, a first GT intermediate shaft, a second GT intermediate shaft, first speed-change gears, second speed-change gears, a first transmission gear, and a second transmission gear. The first clutch is configured to disable power transmission from the power source to the first GT input shaft. The second clutch is configured to disable power transmission from a CVT output shaft of the continuously variable transmission to the second GT input shaft.

An electric power generation controller for use in an aircraft is a controller of an electric power generating apparatus including a manual transmission configured to change speed of rotational power of an aircraft engine, transmit the rotational power to an electric power generator, and switch a gear stage by a friction clutch pressed by an actuator. The electric power generation controller includes a manual transmission control section configured to control the manual transmission. The manual transmission control section includes: a shift command section configured to output a shift signal which switches the gear stage of the manual transmission; and a clutch control section configured to, when switching the gear stage of the manual transmission, control clutch pressure of the actuator such that the friction clutch becomes a half-engaged state.

An electric power generating apparatus for use in an aircraft includes: a manual transmission configured to change speed of rotational power of an aircraft engine and including a plurality of gear stages; and an electric power generator to which the rotational power which has been changed in speed by the manual transmission is transmitted. The manual transmission includes: a planetary gear mechanism; an input shaft connected to a carrier holding a planetary gear of the planetary gear mechanism; an output shaft connected to a sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism; a one-way clutch which is sandwiched between the input shaft and the output shaft and by which the rotational power of the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft; and a brake connected to a ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism.

A snowmobile has a gearbox having a first shaft, a second shaft, first transmission gears mounted to the first shaft and second transmission gears mounted to the second shaft. A driven gear mounted to the first shaft engages a forward drive gear mounted to a countershaft. In a first configuration: the first shaft is coupled to the countershaft; when rotating, a driveshaft rotates in a same direction as the countershaft; and configurable portions of the countershaft and second shaft are free of gears. In a second configuration: the forward drive gear is in selective free-spin engagement with the countershaft; a reverse drive gear mounted to the configurable portion of the countershaft is in driving engagement with the countershaft; an actuator selectively transmits rotary motion from the countershaft to the gearbox; a reverse driven gear mounted to the configurable portion of the second shaft meshes with the reverse drive gear.

A hybrid vehicle may be a series hybrid or a parallel hybrid vehicle. One embodiment of a parallel hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a transmission coupled to the engine, a front drive coupled to the transmission through a prop shaft, a rear drive coupled to the transmission, a traction motor drivingly coupled to the prop shaft, and a battery to operate the traction motor.

An electric power generation controller for use in an aircraft to control an electric power generating apparatus including a manual transmission which changes speed of rotational power of an aircraft engine, transmits the rotational power to an electric power generator, and includes a plurality of gear stages. The electric power generation controller includes: a rotational frequency receiving section configured to receive an input rotational frequency or an output rotational frequency of the manual transmission as a monitoring rotational frequency; and a manual transmission control section configured to, when the monitoring rotational frequency exceeds a first threshold, output a shift-down signal to perform shift-down from an upper stage to a lower stage, and when the monitoring rotational frequency falls below a second threshold, output a shift-up signal to perform shift-up from the lower stage to the upper stage, the first threshold being set to a value larger than the second threshold.

Systems and methods for controlling transmissions having CVTs are disclosed with multiple modes and gearing arrangements for range enhancements, where embodiments include synchronous shifting to allow the transmission to achieve a continuous range of transmission ratios, while minimizing “empty” cycling of the CVT during mode shifts. Embodiments provide for wide ratio range and performance and efficiency flexibility, while maximizing CVT usage through synchronous shifting.