Our invention is a mixture of carboxylic acids: citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid, and any possible combinations thereof. This product is used orally or also intravenously, in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure, hyperammonemia or human conditions having negative nitrogen balance. This product is beneficial in decreasing the serum values of urea and serum ammonium, while promoting by transamination of the oxalacetate formed via succinate, fumarate and malate, the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids; by transamination of the alpha ketoglutarate formed via citrate, it generates glutamic acid and related amino acids such as glutamine. This treatment prevents, preserves and even improves kidney function. In other patients it delays deterioration of renal function and the urgent need for renal replacement therapy. In others, it is used as a supplemental renal replacement treatment to improve the patient's quality of life and improve laboratory parameters.

The present invention provides a composition comprising: honey; bee pollen; royal jelly; and propolis, wherein the content of the honey is 70% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass relative to the whole amount of the composition; the content of the bee pollen is more than 0% by mass and 10% by mass or less in terms of solid content relative to the whole amount of the composition; the content of the royal jelly is more than 0% by mass and 10% by mass or less in terms of solid content relative to the whole amount of the composition; and the content of the propolis is more than 0% by mass and 10% by mass or less in terms of solid content relative to the whole amount of the composition.

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions.

The present invention relates to a composition for prevention or treatment of bronchial asthma comprising a PKR inhibitor as an active ingredient. The PKR inhibitor and derivatives thereof according to the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical for prevention, amelioration or treatment of bronchial asthma and as a supplementary health food because the PKR inhibitor and derivatives thereof reduce the total counts of inflammatory cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neutrophilic severe asthma-induced mice, reduce airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, and reduce inflammatory mediators.

The present invention relates to a composition for prevention or treatment of bronchial asthma comprising a PKR inhibitor as an active ingredient. The PKR inhibitor and derivatives thereof according to the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical for prevention, amelioration or treatment of bronchial asthma and as a supplementary health food because the PKR inhibitor and derivatives thereof reduce the total counts of inflammatory cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neutrophilic severe asthma-induced mice, reduce airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, and reduce inflammatory mediators.

Methods and formulations for batch-mixing flavonoid tinctures and infusing the flavonoid batch-mixed tincture into a food, beverage, cosmetic or drug products with minimal or no effect on the alcohol by volume of the product, and to precisely deliver the desired mixture concentration of the flavonoids, is provided. A batch-mixed flavonoid tincture includes an amount of at least two individual flavonoid tinctures, each flavonoid tincture being a mixture of at least a flavonoid and a solvent. The batch-mixed tincture is added to various food and beverages, or alternatively directly administered to a human or animal, to make a bioavailable amount of flavonoids to be absorbed and metabolized by the body providing demonstrated health benefits.

Methods and formulations for batch-mixing flavonoid tinctures and infusing the flavonoid batch-mixed tincture into a food, beverage, cosmetic or drug products with minimal or no effect on the alcohol by volume of the product, and to precisely deliver the desired mixture concentration of the flavonoids, is provided. A batch-mixed flavonoid tincture includes an amount of at least two individual flavonoid tinctures, each flavonoid tincture being a mixture of at least a flavonoid and a solvent. The batch-mixed tincture is added to various food and beverages, or alternatively directly administered to a human or animal, to make a bioavailable amount of flavonoids to be absorbed and metabolized by the body providing demonstrated health benefits.

The present invention relates to methods of co-administration of various vitamins and mineral compositions, and in a specific embodiment, said methods comprise co-administering one composition comprising vitamin A, beta carotene, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D.sub.3, vitamin E, iron, magnesium and zinc, and a second composition comprising omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA, to supplement the nutritional needs of individuals within physiologically stressful states; and kits provided for co-administration of various vitamin and mineral compositions, and in a specific embodiment, said kits comprise one composition comprising vitamin A, beta carotene, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D.sub.3, vitamin E, iron, magnesium and zinc, and a second composition comprising omega-3 fatty acids, such as DHA, to supplement the nutritional needs of individuals within physiologically stressful states.

A composition for reducing damage associated with oxidative phosphorylation. The composition comprises an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous antioxidant mixture configured to inhibit oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species, and a mineral mixture configured to provide one or more cofactors to a endogenous antioxidant enzyme. The endogenous antioxidant system includes a Nrf2 transcription factors that promotes transcription of antioxidant genes.

Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).