One compound (100) according to the present invention contains silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen or aggregates of the silicon fine particles. The compound that contains the silicon fine particles or the aggregates having a capability of generating hydrogen is capable of generating hydrogen in the body of, for example, an animal that has ingested the compound. For a plant, the compound can be disposed or charged into, for example, moisture (water-containing liquid) or fertilizer to be provided to the plant, to supply the plant with hydrogen generated from the compound.

Disclosed herein are prenatal dosage forms formulated for different stages of the pregnancy cycle. Also disclosed are methods of administering prenatal dosage forms to a prenatal, pregnant or lactating woman. Further disclosed are kits including prenatal dosage forms.

A human dietary supplement comprises theacrine and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of theacrine. Uses for the theacrine-containing supplement include improvement of at least one of mood, energy, focus, concentration or sexual desire or a reduction of at least one of anxiety or fatigue. A synergistic composition comprises co-administration of theacrine and caffeine, wherein the co-administered caffeine reduces theacrine oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (Vd/F). In addition, the co-administered caffeine increases area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of theacrine, and increases theacrine maximum plasma concentration (C.sub.max) in comparison with the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters when theacrine is administered alone.

A human dietary supplement comprises theacrine and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of theacrine. Uses for the theacrine-containing supplement include improvement of at least one of mood, energy, focus, concentration or sexual desire or a reduction of at least one of anxiety or fatigue. A synergistic composition comprises co-administration of theacrine and caffeine, wherein the co-administered caffeine reduces theacrine oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (Vd/F). In addition, the co-administered caffeine increases area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of theacrine, and increases theacrine maximum plasma concentration (C.sub.max) in comparison with the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters when theacrine is administered alone.

Provided are therapeutic compositions containing Ecobiotic™ populations for prevention, treatment and reduction of symptoms associated with a dysbiosis of a mammalian subject such as a human.

The present invention provides nutritional supplements comprising alginate, in combination with pectin, which will form hydrogels in the stomach when exposed to the low pH of the gastric juice. The formation of a hydrogel will lead to delayed release of sugars and other active ingredients in the stomach. The nutritional supplements can comprise high concentrations of sugars and complex carbohydrates without causing unwanted gastrointestinal symptoms.

The present invention provides nutritional supplements comprising alginate, in combination with pectin, which will form hydrogels in the stomach when exposed to the low pH of the gastric juice. The formation of a hydrogel will lead to delayed release of sugars and other active ingredients in the stomach. The nutritional supplements can comprise high concentrations of sugars and complex carbohydrates without causing unwanted gastrointestinal symptoms.

The present invention relates to nutritional compositions comprising 3-hydroxybutyric acid for use in improving gastrointestinal barrier. In particular, the present invention relates to improving the gastrointestinal barrier in an individual, preferably in an infant or a child.

The present invention relates to nutritional compositions comprising 3-hydroxybutyric acid for use in improving gastrointestinal barrier. In particular, the present invention relates to improving the gastrointestinal barrier in an individual, preferably in an infant or a child.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for image segmentation and chemical analysis using machine learning. In some implementations, a system obtains a hyperspectral image that includes a representation of an object. The system segments the hyperspectral image to identify regions of a particular type on the object. The system generates a set of feature values derived from image data for different wavelength bands that is located in the hyperspectral image in the identified regions of the particular type. The system generates a prediction of a level of one or more chemicals in the object based on an output produced by a machine learning model in response to the set of feature values being provided as input to the machine learning model. The system provides data indicating the prediction of the level of the one or more chemicals in the object.