A heat exchanger which exchanges heat with a DUT while contacting the DUT includes: a heat exchange block which thermally contacts the DUT; a first heat transfer sheet which overlaps a front end surface of the heat exchange block; a second heat transfer sheet which overlaps the front end surface of the heat exchange block through the first heat transfer sheet; and a first holding member which holds the second heat transfer sheet.

A target opening degree estimator estimates a target opening degree estimation value as an opening degree of a valve element of a pressure adjustment vacuum valve when a pressure of a vacuum chamber connected to the pressure adjustment vacuum valve reaches a pressure adjustment target pressure based on a correlation between the opening degree of the valve element and the pressure of the vacuum chamber, a current opening degree, and a current pressure.

A target opening degree estimator estimates a target opening degree estimation value as an opening degree of a valve element of a pressure adjustment vacuum valve when a pressure of a vacuum chamber connected to the pressure adjustment vacuum valve reaches a pressure adjustment target pressure based on a correlation between the opening degree of the valve element and the pressure of the vacuum chamber, a current opening degree, and a current pressure.

A valve apparatus includes a valve main body, a shaft body, a first valve element, and a second valve element. The valve main body has a first depressed portion and a second depressed portion in a circular shape, and a first port, a second port, and a third port each communicating with the first depressed portion, and a fourth port and a fifth port each communicating with the second depressed portion. The first port is allowed to selectively communicate with one of the second port and the third port by closure of one of the second port and the third port by the first valve element rotating about an axial direction. A flow amount of a fluid flowing between the fourth port and the fifth port is allowed to be variable by closure of the fourth port by the second valve element rotating about the axial direction.

A valve apparatus includes a valve main body, a shaft body, a first valve element, and a second valve element. The valve main body has a first depressed portion and a second depressed portion in a circular shape, and a first port, a second port, and a third port each communicating with the first depressed portion, and a fourth port and a fifth port each communicating with the second depressed portion. The first port is allowed to selectively communicate with one of the second port and the third port by closure of one of the second port and the third port by the first valve element rotating about an axial direction. A flow amount of a fluid flowing between the fourth port and the fifth port is allowed to be variable by closure of the fourth port by the second valve element rotating about the axial direction.

An apparatus for controlling the waste outlet of a toilet includes, according to an implementation, a motor comprising a Hall effect sensor that detects the rotation of the motor and generates a position signal in response thereto; a mechanical actuator coupled to the motor; a door coupled to the mechanical actuator, wherein the door is disposed at the waste outlet of the toilet; logic circuitry that receives the position signal, generates a control signal to move the door based at least in part on the position signal, and transmits the control signal to the motor. The motor operates according to the control signal to drive the mechanical actuator to move the door.

An apparatus for controlling the waste outlet of a toilet includes, according to an implementation, a motor comprising a Hall effect sensor that detects the rotation of the motor and generates a position signal in response thereto; a mechanical actuator coupled to the motor; a door coupled to the mechanical actuator, wherein the door is disposed at the waste outlet of the toilet; logic circuitry that receives the position signal, generates a control signal to move the door based at least in part on the position signal, and transmits the control signal to the motor. The motor operates according to the control signal to drive the mechanical actuator to move the door.

There is provided an apparatus for controlling fluid flow, comprising a first component for holding or conveying fluid, the first component having a port for the passage of fluid, a fluid passageway (18) from the interior of the first component to the exterior of the first component through the port, a contact valve (1) located in the fluid passageway (18), a second component having an abutment means, and connecting means for connecting the second component to the first component, the contact valve (1) comprising a first valve arm (8) extending into the fluid passageway (18), the first valve arm (8) being movable between an open position in which fluid flow through the fluid passageway (18) is substantially permitted, and a closed position in which fluid flow through the fluid passageway (18) is substantially prevented, wherein, when the second component is connected to the first component, the abutment means moves the first valve arm (8) into the open position.

There is provided an apparatus for controlling fluid flow, comprising a first component for holding or conveying fluid, the first component having a port for the passage of fluid, a fluid passageway (18) from the interior of the first component to the exterior of the first component through the port, a contact valve (1) located in the fluid passageway (18), a second component having an abutment means, and connecting means for connecting the second component to the first component, the contact valve (1) comprising a first valve arm (8) extending into the fluid passageway (18), the first valve arm (8) being movable between an open position in which fluid flow through the fluid passageway (18) is substantially permitted, and a closed position in which fluid flow through the fluid passageway (18) is substantially prevented, wherein, when the second component is connected to the first component, the abutment means moves the first valve arm (8) into the open position.

A four-way valve for switching a refrigerant flow path includes: a housing part including a refrigerant filling chamber configured to receive refrigerant; a valve plate disposed at one side of the housing part and having at least three inflow/outflow holes formed therein; a valve pad part disposed in the refrigerant filling chamber, rotating to contact one of surfaces of the valve plate, and occupying one of the at least three inflow/outflow holes continuously and occupying selectively one of the remaining holes of the at least three inflow/outflow holes so as to make the occupied inflow/outflow holes communicate with each other, thereby forming a changed flow path; a rotation drive part for transferring a driving force to rotate the valve pad part; and a deceleration part, disposed between the rotation drive part and the valve pad part, for increasing a driving torque transferred from the rotation drive part.