Some embodiments include a valve assembly with a metering seal including a main channel including regions with a first diameter and regions with a second diameter, where the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter. Some embodiments include a stem positioned in the metering seal extending from at least a first end of the metering seal to a second end of the metering seal. In some embodiments, the stem has a fluted section positioned between two non-fluted sections, where the diameter of stem in the fluted section is smaller than the diameter of the stem in the non-fluted sections. Some embodiments include a first and second flow channel extending across at least a partial width of the metering seal, where the first flow channel is positioned at the first end of the metering seal, and the second flow channel is positioned at the second end of the metering seal.

Some embodiments include a valve assembly with a metering seal including a main channel including regions with a first diameter and regions with a second diameter, where the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter. Some embodiments include a stem positioned in the metering seal extending from at least a first end of the metering seal to a second end of the metering seal. In some embodiments, the stem has a fluted section positioned between two non-fluted sections, where the diameter of stem in the fluted section is smaller than the diameter of the stem in the non-fluted sections. Some embodiments include a first and second flow channel extending across at least a partial width of the metering seal, where the first flow channel is positioned at the first end of the metering seal, and the second flow channel is positioned at the second end of the metering seal.

A system and method for computer data processing systems of cooling or heating a plurality of objects (heat sources), such as processors in a data center or the like, is disclosed with each of the objects having a control valve associated therewith. Each of the objects is in communication with a supply of a coolant fluid and each control valve has an inlet for receiving coolant fluid from its respective object which reflects the temperature of the object. The control valve has a chamber that receives coolant from its inlet and an outlet. A valve member within the chamber is movable in response to changes in temperature of the coolant fluid within the chamber between a closed position and an open position. The valve member is of a layers of dissimilar metal material having different coefficients of thermal expansion that changes shape in response to changes in temperature. The coolant is carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) that is in its supercritical state as it passes through the heat sources.

A high-speed transportation system comprises an evacuated travel conduit divided into a plurality of segments by closable gates, and associated with corresponding segment pumps that maintain operating vacuums within the segments when vehicles are present. When a segment is unoccupied, energy is saved by closing the adjoining gates and deactivating the associated segment pump, thereby deactivating the segment and allowing the segment's internal pressure to rise due to leakage. As a vehicle approaches, the segment pump is reactivated, lowering the internal pressure to the operating vacuum, and the gates are opened. Embodiments include a boom-tank system that can accelerate re-evacuation of a segment having an increased internal pressure by establishing fluid communication with at least one recently deactivated segment having a lower internal pressure. As a vehicle transits the conduit, a rolling, contiguous group of activated segments surrounding and in advance of the vehicle can be maintained.

A flow resistor includes a housing, a pipe, and an adjuster. The housing includes a through hole including a first hole portion and a second hole portion. The pipe includes a first extending portion and a second extending portion that extends in a direction different from an extending direction of the first extending portion. The adjuster includes a through hole. The pipe is inserted into the through hole of the housing, the first extending portion is positioned in the first hole portion, and the second extending portion is positioned in the second hole portion. The adjuster is positioned in the second hole portion and is a member movable toward the second extending portion. The through hole of the adjuster couples a space between the adjuster and the pipe with an outside of the flow resistor, in the second hole portion.

A valve device includes a housing, a flow hole forming portion and a rotor. The housing has a passage for fluid. The flow hole forming portion is fixed at the passage and includes: a plurality of flow holes, each of which is configured to conduct the fluid; and at least one partition which is placed between corresponding adjacent two of the flow holes. The rotor includes a passage opening and a closing portion. The at least one partition of the flow hole forming portion has: a parallel portion which extends in parallel with a radial direction of an imaginary circle centered on a rotational axis; and a progressively varying portion which is placed on an outer side of the parallel portion in the radial direction. A width of the progressively varying portion measured in a circumferential direction is progressively increased toward the outer side in the radial direction.

A reactive particles supply system that may include an adjustable gas supply unit that is arranged to supply gas and to set a gas condition, a reactive particles supply unit that may be arranged to receive the gas, and an adjustable reactive particles output unit that may include a reactive particles input, a second reactive particles output, and a reactive particles path. The second reactive particles output is configured to output reactive particles towards an opening of a vacuumed chamber. The adjustable reactive particles output unit is arranged to mechanically configure at least one element of the reactive particles path according to the reactive particles condition.

A reactive particles supply system that may include an adjustable gas supply unit that is arranged to supply gas and to set a gas condition, a reactive particles supply unit that may be arranged to receive the gas, and an adjustable reactive particles output unit that may include a reactive particles input, a second reactive particles output, and a reactive particles path. The second reactive particles output is configured to output reactive particles towards an opening of a vacuumed chamber. The adjustable reactive particles output unit is arranged to mechanically configure at least one element of the reactive particles path according to the reactive particles condition.

A flow rate control unit includes (a) a housing including a hollow cylindrical wall configured to form a flow passage, an upstream wall, a downstream wall, an inlet opening, and an outlet opening; (b) a valve member disposed inside the cylindrical, configured to move between a most upstream position and a most downstream, the valve member including a pressure receiving portion that faces the inlet opening; and (c) an elastic biasing member (d) The valve member or the cylindrical wall forms a first guide passage. (e) The valve member forms a second guide flow passage.

A flow rate control unit includes (a) a housing including a hollow cylindrical wall configured to form a flow passage, an upstream wall, a downstream wall, an inlet opening, and an outlet opening; (b) a valve member disposed inside the cylindrical, configured to move between a most upstream position and a most downstream, the valve member including a pressure receiving portion that faces the inlet opening; and (c) an elastic biasing member (d) The valve member or the cylindrical wall forms a first guide passage. (e) The valve member forms a second guide flow passage.