A pipe (14) extending between a surface end (20) and a bottom end (22) thereof, and defining an internal passage (24) ending at the bottom end (22) and at the surface end (20). A dynamic closing member (30) at the bottom end (22), which opens above a threshold pressure applied from the exterior towards the interior of the pipe (14), and closing below the threshold pressure. The threshold pressure is defined as a function of at least one parameter representing the heaving of the pipe under the effect of variation in height of the water in which the pipe extends.

A pipe (14) extending between a surface end (20) and a bottom end (22) thereof, and defining an internal passage (24) ending at the bottom end (22) and at the surface end (20). A dynamic closing member (30) at the bottom end (22), which opens above a threshold pressure applied from the exterior towards the interior of the pipe (14), and closing below the threshold pressure. The threshold pressure is defined as a function of at least one parameter representing the heaving of the pipe under the effect of variation in height of the water in which the pipe extends.

A pipe (14) extending between a surface end (20) and a bottom end (22) thereof, and defining an internal passage (24) ending at the bottom end (22) and at the surface end (20). A dynamic closing member (30) at the bottom end (22), which opens above a threshold pressure applied from the exterior towards the interior of the pipe (14), and closing below the threshold pressure. The threshold pressure is defined as a function of at least one parameter representing the heaving of the pipe under the effect of variation in height of the water in which the pipe extends.

A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more composite filament (302) as a filament bundle (310); applying a braid element (304) around the filament bundle as a braided bundle (310); helically wrapping the braided bundle (310) around a flexible pipe layer (502); and then curing (510) the one or more composite filament (302).

A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more composite filament (302) as a filament bundle (310); applying a braid element (304) around the filament bundle as a braided bundle (310); helically wrapping the braided bundle (310) around a flexible pipe layer (502); and then curing (510) the one or more composite filament (302).

A riser assembly and method of supporting a riser assembly are disclosed. The riser assembly includes a riser; at least one buoyancy compensating element attached to the riser; and at least one damped biasing element for controlling movement of the riser about a neutral position with respect to an adjacent underwater structure. The biasing element is directly or indirectly connected to the riser and is directly or indirectly connectable to the adjacent underwater structure.

A riser assembly and method of supporting a riser assembly are disclosed. The riser assembly includes a riser; at least one buoyancy compensating element attached to the riser; and at least one damped biasing element for controlling movement of the riser about a neutral position with respect to an adjacent underwater structure. The biasing element is directly or indirectly connected to the riser and is directly or indirectly connectable to the adjacent underwater structure.

A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method includes providing two or more non-bonded composite filaments (302) as a non-bonded filament bundle (310); applying a braid element (304) around the filament bundle (310) to thereby form a braided bundle (310) comprising non-bonded filaments (302); and helically wrapping the braided bundle (310) around a flexible pipe body layer (502).

A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method includes providing two or more non-bonded composite filaments (302) as a non-bonded filament bundle (310); applying a braid element (304) around the filament bundle (310) to thereby form a braided bundle (310) comprising non-bonded filaments (302); and helically wrapping the braided bundle (310) around a flexible pipe body layer (502).

Apparatus and methods related to pipeline freespan support are described. For example, some embodiments may contain an upper structure, which contains at least four legs connected to one another by a number of bracing members, and a number of attachment points through which the upper structure can be lifted, and a lower structure, which contains at least four posts that can be connected to, and disconnected from as needed, the four legs of the upper structure, two spaced mud mats on which the posts stand, and at least two horizontal arms that can be attached to the posts, rotate about the posts, connect to and be locked with the posts on the other mud mat, and be lifted to an appropriate height to provide suitable support at the pipeline freespan location.