A welding component is provided for welding to a component via at least one welding region. The welding component includes: at least one welding indicator arrangement provided on the welding component; and, the at least one welding indicator arrangement includes a welding region minimum indicator to be covered by the at least one welding region and a welding region maximum indicator not to be covered by the at least one welding region.

A piping system including a pipe and a pipe block coupled to an end of the pipe. The pipe includes: a flange positioned at the end and protruding in a radially outward direction along an outer circumference of the pipe; and a coupling portion having a nipple that is inserted into the pipe block. The pipe block includes: an insertion hole into which the pipe is coupled; and a lip protruding from a surface in which the insertion hole is formed in a circumferential direction along an outer circumference of the insertion hole. An inner diameter of the lip is equal to or greater than an outer diameter of the flange, and when the pipe is coupled to the pipe block, the flange is positioned inside the lip and the lip is deformed in a radially inward direction of the pipe to grip and fix the pipe.

The invention relates to a method and device for making a T-branch for a pipe by joining the shaped end of the branch pipe with internal welding to the ed-ges of a hole in the main pipe. The hole in the main pipe (T) and the arcs corresponding to the main pipe at the end of the branch pipe (P) are mechanically cut by removing one solid part from the hole and two (22) solid parts from the end of the branch pipe in a dry mechanical process, in which the cleanliness of the joint areas remains weldable. The shaped end of the branch pipe (P) is placed around the hole in the main pipe (T) and the joint seam between the pipes is welded by internal welding without a welding additive. A branch hole suitable for this is made by punching perpendicularly against the central axis of the main piped so that punch (1) pushes the piece that detaches from the main pipe into the punch hole (10) of the inner support (9).

Provided is a connecting pipe assembly and a control valve assembly. The connecting pipe assembly includes a first connecting pipe, a connecting sleeve and a second connecting pipe; a first end of the first connecting pipe is disposed in the connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is provided with a first end and a second end opposite to each other, the first end of the connecting sleeve is connected with an outer side wall of the first connecting pipe, the inner wall of the middle part of the connecting sleeve and the outer wall of the first end of the first connecting pipe have a gap in between, the gap forms an accommodating cavity; and one end of the second connecting pipe is connected with the second end of the connecting sleeve, and an end of the second connecting pipe is disposed in the connecting sleeve.

In one aspect, a tubular membrane assembly is provided for a heat exchanger. The tubular membrane assembly includes a header having a header body, a tubular membrane, and a fitting connecting the tubular membrane to the header body. The fitting is configured to form a fluid tight connection between the fitting and the tubular membrane. The tubular membrane assembly further includes potting of the header keeping the tubular membrane connected to the fitting.

A flow substrate comprising a substrate body formed from a solid block of a first material, the substrate body having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, a plurality of pairs of component conduit ports defined in the first surface of the substrate body, a plurality of fluid pathways extending between each respective pair of component conduit ports and in fluid communication with each component conduit port of the respective pair of component conduit ports, each respective fluid pathway being formed in the second surface of the substrate body; and at least one cap formed from a second material, the at least one cap having a first cap surface that is constructed to seal at least one fluid pathway, and a second cap surface opposing the first surface, wherein the substrate body includes an opening configured to couple with the at least one cap.