Spa systems may be used all year round and in colder weather provide an enjoyable experience for users through the cold ambient outdoor temperature and the heated water of the spa. However, failures in respect of the water circulating pump and/or heater of the spa system either mechanically, electrically or through overall power outages mean the water in the spa system and its pipework can easily freeze if ambient conditions are cold enough leading to cracks in the spa system or pipes and hence leaks when the water thaws requiring costly repair or replacement of components or entire systems. Accordingly, a freeze protection system is provided that uses a backup thermal management system discretely or in combination with other backup systems. These freeze protection systems offering backup when mechanical failures, electrical failures etc. arise by providing thermal input to the spa system through alternate thermal paths and providing alarms.

The present invention provides a means to prevent the clogging of pipes by freezing of gas discharged from a fermenter, especially in a low temperature environment such as in winter. Disclosed is an organic compound production system (10A) for producing an organic compound by microbial fermentation, including: a catalytic reactor (1) comprising a reactor containing a biocatalyst for synthesizing an organic compound; a valve (3) for discharging exhaust gas withdrawn from the catalytic reactor (1); and a pipe (6A) connecting the catalytic reactor (1) and the valve (3), wherein at least a part of the pipe (6A) is covered with an insulator (4).

The present invention provides a means to prevent the clogging of pipes by freezing of gas discharged from a fermenter, especially in a low temperature environment such as in winter. Disclosed is an organic compound production system (10A) for producing an organic compound by microbial fermentation, including: a catalytic reactor (1) comprising a reactor containing a biocatalyst for synthesizing an organic compound; a valve (3) for discharging exhaust gas withdrawn from the catalytic reactor (1); and a pipe (6A) connecting the catalytic reactor (1) and the valve (3), wherein at least a part of the pipe (6A) is covered with an insulator (4).

An adjustable, customizable, and configurable heat transfer element is structured for facilitating hear transfer in pipe systems having process pipes. The heat transfer element is configured for transferring heat between a process pipe and a corresponding tracer tube in order to maintain a fluid within the process pipe within a predetermined temperature range. In this regard, the heat transfer element may comprise a body having a nested portion that forms a cavity therein, each extending in a longitudinal direction. The body is configured for operative coupling to the process pipe. The cavity of the nested portion is configured to receive a tracer tube therein such that the tracer tube is positioned in between, and at least partially surrounded by the body and the process pipe. Moreover, the body may comprise a spine that is utilized to aid in bending the heat transfer element in one or more planes.

A duct includes an inner tube configured to have fluid flow through to be transported and an outer tube surrounding the inner tube. The outer tube defines, in its interior, a plurality of auxiliary channels, Which extend in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube and are designed to contain or have a further auxiliary fluid flow through, which is configured to thermally interact with the fluid to be transported.

A duct includes an inner tube configured to have fluid flow through to be transported and an outer tube surrounding the inner tube. The outer tube defines, in its interior, a plurality of auxiliary channels, Which extend in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube and are designed to contain or have a further auxiliary fluid flow through, which is configured to thermally interact with the fluid to be transported.

Disclosed are systems and methods for thermal management of subsea interconnecting conduit such as jumpers that provide cooling and heat retention of production fluids within the jumpers. In a jumper circuit, parallel sections of jumper are provided having differing amounts of heat transfer between surrounding seawater and production fluids flowing within. Valving is provided to control fluid flow between the parallel sections of jumper, thus controlling the amount of heat transfer between the surrounding seawater and the jumper circuit. A control system can be used to generate an alarm based on fluid temperature and/or fluid flow rate within the jumper circuit indicating the need to adjust the valving to manage the temperature of fluids within the jumper circuit. Changes may be needed particularly depending on the phase of production, e.g., early life, normal operation, shut down and late life operation.

A geothermal heat containment barrier operable to be manipulated through an opening of a vault by at least partially folding the geothermal heat containment barrier, and positioned substantially horizontally against walls of the vault to reduce heat transfer through the barrier is provided. The barrier includes a central insulating core, a flexible outer frame, and an outer sealing trim. The central insulating core includes top and bottom outer surfaces and a perimeter edge. The central insulating core includes and/or contains an insulating material. The flexible outer frame has a shape memory and includes at least one flexible component having ends together such that the flexible outer frame is continuous and closed. The outer sealing trim is attached to the top and bottom outer surfaces and wraps around the perimeter edge of the central insulating core. The outer sealing trim is operable to press against the wall of the vault.

A geothermal heat containment barrier operable to be manipulated through an opening of a vault by at least partially folding the geothermal heat containment barrier, and positioned substantially horizontally against walls of the vault to reduce heat transfer through the barrier is provided. The barrier includes a central insulating core, a flexible outer frame, and an outer sealing trim. The central insulating core includes top and bottom outer surfaces and a perimeter edge. The central insulating core includes and/or contains an insulating material. The flexible outer frame has a shape memory and includes at least one flexible component having ends together such that the flexible outer frame is continuous and closed. The outer sealing trim is attached to the top and bottom outer surfaces and wraps around the perimeter edge of the central insulating core. The outer sealing trim is operable to press against the wall of the vault.

A modular, aerogel-based vacuum insulated pipe section comprising an outer conduit; an inner conduit concentrically disposed within the outer conduit with aerogel insulation and a condensable gas being disposed in the insulation space between the concentric conduits. As a stand-alone pipe section, the insulation space is at a pressure within the range of from about 100 microns Hg to about 1000 microns Hg. However, in operation, when a cryogenic fluid is traversing the inner conduit, the condensable gas condenses and the pressure within the insulation space is further reduced to range of from about 1 microns Hg to about 5 microns Hg. The vacuum insulated pipe section further includes a coupling arrangement disposed on a first end of the inner conduit and a second end of the inner conduit, the coupling arrangement configured to engage or mate with a corresponding end of another modular vacuum insulated pipe section.