An insulation material comprising an insulation material substrate with a substrate surface, the insulation material further having a plurality of protrusions affixed to or integrated into substrate surface, each protrusion having an abutting surface distal to a protrusion base and a protrusion body connecting the abutting surface and the protrusion base, and each protrusion having an abutting surface height of at least 2 mm, wherein the abutting surface height is the shortest distance between the plane of the abutting surface and the plane of the protrusion base.

An insulation material comprising an insulation material substrate with a substrate surface, the insulation material further having a plurality of protrusions affixed to or integrated into substrate surface, each protrusion having an abutting surface distal to a protrusion base and a protrusion body connecting the abutting surface and the protrusion base, and each protrusion having an abutting surface height of at least 2 mm, wherein the abutting surface height is the shortest distance between the plane of the abutting surface and the plane of the protrusion base.

A membrane for installation circumferentially about a pipe includes: (a) a substrate including: (i) a panel having an underside surface on an underside of the substrate for facing the pipe and a topside surface on a topside of the substrate opposite the underside, (ii) a plurality of underside protrusions projecting form the underside surface for supporting the panel radially apart from the pipe; and (iii) a plurality of topside protrusions projecting from the topside surface. The membrane further includes (b) a foam layer extending over the topside of the substrate; and (c) a heat-reflecting layer extending over the foam layer.

A membrane for installation circumferentially about a pipe includes: (a) a substrate including: (i) a panel having an underside surface on an underside of the substrate for facing the pipe and a topside surface on a topside of the substrate opposite the underside, (ii) a plurality of underside protrusions projecting form the underside surface for supporting the panel radially apart from the pipe; and (iii) a plurality of topside protrusions projecting from the topside surface. The membrane further includes (b) a foam layer extending over the topside of the substrate; and (c) a heat-reflecting layer extending over the foam layer.

The present disclosure relates to a cushioning article comprising a non-syntactic polymeric foam layer; and a plurality of spacer elements arranged within the polymeric foam layer, wherein each spacer element is at least partly embedded into the polymeric foam layer, and wherein each spacer element has a size greater than 200 micrometers.

The present disclosure relates to a cushioning article comprising a non-syntactic polymeric foam layer; and a plurality of spacer elements arranged within the polymeric foam layer, wherein each spacer element is at least partly embedded into the polymeric foam layer, and wherein each spacer element has a size greater than 200 micrometers.

Provided are heat insulating sheets that may include a resin film having a metal layer and a nonwoven fabric including resin fiber, wherein the resin film and the nonwoven fabric are joined by through holes penetrating the resin film and the nonwoven fabric, and wherein a ratio (La/Lb) of an average distance (La) between the through holes in the resin film to an average distance (Lb) between the through holes in the nonwoven fabric is 1.001 or more and 1.10 or less. Further provided are manufacturing methods of a heat insulating sheet that may include a resin film having a metal layer and a nonwoven fabric including a resin fiber.

Provided are heat insulating sheets that may include a resin film having a metal layer and a nonwoven fabric including resin fiber, wherein the resin film and the nonwoven fabric are joined by through holes penetrating the resin film and the nonwoven fabric, and wherein a ratio (La/Lb) of an average distance (La) between the through holes in the resin film to an average distance (Lb) between the through holes in the nonwoven fabric is 1.001 or more and 1.10 or less. Further provided are manufacturing methods of a heat insulating sheet that may include a resin film having a metal layer and a nonwoven fabric including a resin fiber.

A pipe of an air duct comprising, from the interior toward the exterior, an internal layer, at least one insulating intermediate layer, an external layer and at least at one of its ends a pipe coupling distinct from the internal layer including a first end section that cooperates with the internal layer in sealed manner and a second end section not covered by any of the layers that is configured to cooperate with a connection system. Thus, no clamp of a connection system exerts compression forces on the internal layer of the pipe, which consequently is not necessarily reinforced by means of fibers.

A pipe of an air duct comprising, from the interior toward the exterior, an internal layer, at least one insulating intermediate layer, an external layer and at least at one of its ends a pipe coupling distinct from the internal layer including a first end section that cooperates with the internal layer in sealed manner and a second end section not covered by any of the layers that is configured to cooperate with a connection system. Thus, no clamp of a connection system exerts compression forces on the internal layer of the pipe, which consequently is not necessarily reinforced by means of fibers.