An article includes walls defining an insulating space therebetween and a vent forming an exit for gas molecules during evacuation of the space. A distance separating the walls is variable in a portion adjacent the vent such that gas molecules are directed towards the vent imparting a greater probability of molecule egress than ingress such that deeper vacuum is developed without requiring getter material. The variable-distance portion may be formed by converging walls. Alternatively, a portion of one of the walls may be formed such that a normal line at any location within that portion is directed substantially towards a vent opening in the other wall.

An aerosol-generation device includes a cavity, configured to receive an aerosol-forming substrate; a heater, configured to heat the aerosol-forming substrate received in the cavity; a heat insulation tube, arranged outside the heater, where the heat insulation tube has an inner tube and an outer tube that are arranged along a radial direction of the cavity, and a sealing space is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube; and the sealing space is filled with gas; and a heat insulation layer, arranged between the heater and the heat insulation tube. In this application, the heat insulation layer can reduce radiant heat transfer of the heater, and the heat insulation tube arranged outside the heater can further prevent the heat from being transferred outward, thereby preventing a user from feeling hot due to a high shell temperature of the aerosol-generation device, and improving user experience.

An aerosol-generation device includes a cavity, configured to receive an aerosol-forming substrate; a heater, configured to heat the aerosol-forming substrate received in the cavity; a heat insulation tube, arranged outside the heater, where the heat insulation tube has an inner tube and an outer tube that are arranged along a radial direction of the cavity, and a sealing space is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube; and the sealing space is filled with gas; and a heat insulation layer, arranged between the heater and the heat insulation tube. In this application, the heat insulation layer can reduce radiant heat transfer of the heater, and the heat insulation tube arranged outside the heater can further prevent the heat from being transferred outward, thereby preventing a user from feeling hot due to a high shell temperature of the aerosol-generation device, and improving user experience.

The present invention provides an insulated pipe comprising one or more inner pipes comprising a plastic, a flexible vacuum insulation panel in the form of units joined to each other wrapped around at least one of the one or more inner pipes, one or more insulation layers, and an outer jacket. The present invention further provides a method and an apparatus for producing the insulated pipe.

The present invention provides an insulated pipe comprising one or more inner pipes comprising a plastic, a flexible vacuum insulation panel in the form of units joined to each other wrapped around at least one of the one or more inner pipes, one or more insulation layers, and an outer jacket. The present invention further provides a method and an apparatus for producing the insulated pipe.

Provided is a method for recycling supercritical waste liquid and a method for producing a silica aerogel blanket capable of reducing the production costs and preventing the deterioration in thermal insulation performance of a silica aerogel blanket, the method including adding sulfuric acid to supercritical waste liquid to remove ammonium ions in the form of ammonium sulfate salt, the ammonium ions which are present in the supercritical waste liquid, and reusing supercritical waste liquid from which the ammonium ions are removed.

Provided is a method for recycling supercritical waste liquid and a method for producing a silica aerogel blanket capable of reducing the production costs and preventing the deterioration in thermal insulation performance of a silica aerogel blanket, the method including adding sulfuric acid to supercritical waste liquid to remove ammonium ions in the form of ammonium sulfate salt, the ammonium ions which are present in the supercritical waste liquid, and reusing supercritical waste liquid from which the ammonium ions are removed.

A removable pipe insulation system comprising one or more components, each component comprising insulation in a waterproof covering with at least one opening for air to exit the covering during use. The insulation in the covering may be surrounded by an inside skin with a plurality of holes formed through hot micro perforation. The inside skin may be surrounded by an outside cover, which may be edged in elastic binding and which may attach to itself by hook and loop fastener. The component may be wrapped around a pipe element and secured to provide insulation to the pipe element while protecting the insulation from moisture and protecting the pipe element from corrosion under insulation.

A removable pipe insulation system comprising one or more components, each component comprising insulation in a waterproof covering with at least one opening for air to exit the covering during use. The insulation in the covering may be surrounded by an inside skin with a plurality of holes formed through hot micro perforation. The inside skin may be surrounded by an outside cover, which may be edged in elastic binding and which may attach to itself by hook and loop fastener. The component may be wrapped around a pipe element and secured to provide insulation to the pipe element while protecting the insulation from moisture and protecting the pipe element from corrosion under insulation.

A thermal conductivity changing unit includes: at least one thermal conductivity changing device; and a gas barrier film having an accommodation space which accommodates the at least one thermal conductivity changing device. Each of the at least one thermal conductivity changing device includes a pair of panels, a spacer, and a switching mechanism. The spacer forms a space between the pair of panels. The switching mechanism is disposed in the space to switch heat transferability between the pair of panels. The gas barrier film is configured to hermetically close an entirety of the accommodation space including the space in a depressurized state.