The present disclosure provides systems and methods for refilling fluid containers. A fluid container may include a bottle and a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include two valves and be configured to engage with the bottle and a filling head or dispensing head. A system is configured to provide pressurized fluid to the refillable container, monitor filling, determine when to stop filling, and determine how much fluid was provided. The valve assembly may include a float mechanism coupled to one of the valves of the valve assembly to ensure fluid flow is stopped when the fluid container is full. The fluid, which can include carbon dioxide, is stored in a storage tank. A flow system provides the fluid to a filling head, which engages with the fluid container. The flow system includes a transfer pump, valves, and sensors configured to provide the fluid to the filling head.

A cryogenic cylinder including authenticating features and an apparatus recognizing the features and facilitation the cylinder use. The authenticating features prevent use of an unauthorized cryogenic cylinders. The cylinder also includes a number of mechanical features preventing repeat filling of the cylinder by cryogenic fluid or reuse of the cylinder once empty.

A gas supply system includes a loading/unloading stage including a cradle loader where a cradle loaded with a gas container is loaded, a test buffer chamber is configured to test the gas container, and a loading/unloading robot configured to transfer the gas container between the cradle and the test buffer chamber. A gas supply stage includes a storage queue configured to temporarily store the gas container, a gas supply cabinet where the gas container is mounted, and a transfer robot configured to transfer the gas container between the test buffer chamber and the storage queue and between the storage queue and the gas supply cabinet.

A gas supply system includes a loading/unloading stage including a cradle loader where a cradle loaded with a gas container is loaded, a test buffer chamber is configured to test the gas container, and a loading/unloading robot configured to transfer the gas container between the cradle and the test buffer chamber. A gas supply stage includes a storage queue configured to temporarily store the gas container, a gas supply cabinet where the gas container is mounted, and a transfer robot configured to transfer the gas container between the test buffer chamber and the storage queue and between the storage queue and the gas supply cabinet.

A gas supply system includes a loading/unloading stage including a cradle loader where a cradle loaded with a gas container is loaded, a test buffer chamber is configured to test the gas container, and a loading/unloading robot configured to transfer the gas container between the cradle and the test buffer chamber. A gas supply stage includes a storage queue configured to temporarily store the gas container, a gas supply cabinet where the gas container is mounted, and a transfer robot configured to transfer the gas container between the test buffer chamber and the storage queue and between the storage queue and the gas supply cabinet.

A gas supply system includes a loading/unloading stage including a cradle loader where a cradle loaded with a gas container is loaded, a test buffer chamber is configured to test the gas container, and a loading/unloading robot configured to transfer the gas container between the cradle and the test buffer chamber. A gas supply stage includes a storage queue configured to temporarily store the gas container, a gas supply cabinet where the gas container is mounted, and a transfer robot configured to transfer the gas container between the test buffer chamber and the storage queue and between the storage queue and the gas supply cabinet.