A hydrogen refueling system including a hydrogen center enclosure fluidly connected to a dispenser by a supply pipe, a first portion of the supply pipe disposed within the hydrogen center enclosure and a second portion of the supply pipe extending between the hydrogen center enclosure and the dispenser, a cooling system having a first cooling circuit for cooling the supply pipe and a second cooling circuit for cooling the second portion of the supply pipe, and a controller, where the second cooling circuit has a return path fluidly connected to a forward path, where the second cooling circuit is thermally connected to the second portion of the supply pipe, and the controller initiates cooling of the supply line by the forward path or return path of the second cooling circuit when the temperature of the supply line is higher than a threshold value.

Devices and methods for a gas tank valve cap with integrated washer storage are disclosed. In examples, a valve cap may comprise a first cavity for covering a portion of a gas tank valve, and a second cavity for housing a washer/gasket. In examples, the washer/gasket may be removed from the valve cap and used to secure a connection between the gas tank valve and a connecting hose line. In further examples, the washer may be re-inserted into the valve cap, and the valve cap may be placed on the gas tank valve for protecting the valve from abrasion and the like.

An inflatable structure for gas storage (such as carbon dioxide) includes an inner bladder containing a gas for storage and an outer wall spaced from the inner bladder. An intermediate space between the bladder and the outer wall is pressurized with a gas other than the storage gas (such as air) so that the structure is protected from environmental conditions such as wind and snow loading. A method of using the inflatable structure for storage of a storage gas includes using a blower to inflate the inner bladder with storage gas, and pressurizing the intermediate space with air to have a higher pressure than the inner bladder.

A method for controlling the ambient temperature vaporization of carbon dioxide, including introducing a liquid carbon dioxide stream at a supply pressure into a pressure reduction valve, thereby producing a carbon dioxide stream at a delivery pressure is provided. The method includes introducing the carbon dioxide stream at the delivery pressure into a heat exchange device, thereby exchanging heat between a stream of ambient temperature air and the liquid carbon dioxide stream, thereby producing a vaporized carbon dioxide stream at the delivery pressure, and introducing the vaporized carbon dioxide stream at the delivery pressure into a backpressure regulator, thereby maintaining the vaporized carbon dioxide stream above a minimum delivery pressure.

A controlled ambient temperature vaporization system including a source of liquid carbon dioxide at a supply pressure, a pressure reduction valve is provided. The system is configured to reduce the liquid carbon dioxide from the supply pressure to a delivery pressure, a heat exchange device. The system is also configured to exchange heat between a stream of ambient temperature air and the carbon dioxide at delivery pressure, thereby producing a vaporized carbon dioxide stream. The system also includes a backpressure regulator, configured to maintain the vaporized carbon dioxide above a minimum delivery pressure.

A protective cover for medical gas canisters includes a membrane that serves as a physical barrier to cross-contamination of biohazards in healthcare settings. An opening allows for insertion of the canister, and perforated access points that are permeable to gas provide access to valves. Sterilizing material in the access points help disinfect valves. The top of includes slack so that the membrane does not tear when handles and knobs are grasped and manipulated. A visual alignment marker indicates proper rotational alignment of the perforated access point with valves. The membrane is see-through so labels and gauges remain viewable. Elastic bands help provide a tight fit about the canister. A user slips the membrane over a canister, rotationally aligning the visual alignment marker with a valve, and connects a hose to a valve through the access point such that the perforated access point forms a seal over the valve.

A system for delivering a flow of pressurized gas including a canister for receiving a pressurized gas, the canister including a lateral wall defining an internal cavity, an open top end formed by the lateral wall and in fluid communication with the internal cavity, and a pierceable wall integrally formed with the lateral wall distal to the open top end, wherein the pierceable wall is a low puncture force pierceable wall. The system further includes a piercing member movable between a first position spaced from the canister and a second position piercing the pierceable wall of the canister.

Canisters are provided that include a cylindrical body and a cap welded to the body to define a cavity filled with carbon dioxide or other fluid. The canisters may be loaded into a medical device, e.g., to provide an energy source for operating the device. Methods for making such canisters are also provided.

A system and method for protecting a lightweight pressure vessel capable of airborne and underwater use. The system includes an enclosure and a gas container that is capable of holding pressurized or liquefied gas in sufficient quantity to increase internal pressure of the pressure vessel, so that the internal pressure of the pressure vessel equals an external pressure of the pressure vessel. The system also includes a pressure relief device coupled to the enclosure. The pressure relief device is configured to release the pressurized or liquefied gas from the pressure vessel when the internal pressure exceeds the external pressure by a predetermined amount. The system also includes a gas supply mechanism coupled to the gas container, the gas supply mechanism being configured to allow gas from the gas container into order to increase the internal pressure of the pressure vessel until the internal pressure equals the external pressure.

A heat exchanger generally employs a method for supplying liquid having critical pressure or higher or high pressure in order to suppress boiling. However, gas obtained by a evaporator behind the heat exchanger has relatively low pressure, and therefore supplying the liquid to the heat exchanger requires a system for converting an energy form of the obtained gas into kinetic energy or electrical energy, and increasing the pressure by a mechanical pump. Thus, the complicated system involving an efficiency loss is only solution, and it is difficult to achieve simplification of a system or reduction in the weight of a propellant supply device in a moving body, specifically, a flying object.