A fluid transfer apparatus transfers fluid from a first bulk storage vessel at a gas pressure equal to or greater than a first gas pressure. The fluid transfers to a first or second supply vessel; each having a gas pressure equal to or less than a second pressure. The second pressure less than the first pressure. The fluid transfer continues until the fluid in the first or second supply vessel reaches a predetermined weight inside the first or second supply vessel. The fluid in the filled first or second supply vessel, at the predetermined weight, under a pressure equal to or less than the second pressure; and the fluid in a liquefied and gas state. The apparatus heats the fluid in the first or second supply vessel, filled to the predetermined weight, to bring the fluid in the first or second supply vessel to a third gas pressure. The third gas pressure higher than the first gas pressure and the second gas pressure. The fluid in the first or second supply vessel having the third gas pressure can include fluid in the liquefied gas state and gas state or super critical state.

Protective devices for pressurized gas cylinders have a housing which is arranged around an inner cavity intended for receiving an extraction valve and which has access openings for the extraction connection and for further fittings. In order to counteract soiling or contamination of the extraction connection, the invention provides for an elastically deformable safety element to be fastened to the housing in the region of the access opening of the extraction connection, said element being able to be swung out from a closed position, in which the extraction connection is completely covered and/or enclosed by the safety element, into a position in which it frees the extraction connection.

A method and system for forming a compressed gas and dispensing it to a compressed gas receiver. The compressed gas is formed from a process fluid provided at a cryogenic temperature. The forming includes pressurizing the process fluid, feeding the pressurized process fluid at still a cryogenic temperature to a heat exchanger and heating it in indirect heat exchange with a thermal fluid which is provided in a reservoir at a thermal fluid temperature above the cryogenic temperature of the pressurized process fluid. Once heated to a suitable temperature the compressed gas may be dispensed to the compressed gas receiver or stored in one or more compressed gas storage vessels for later use.

An adapter for a canister filling system includes a body having an opening that is shaped to enable insertion of a valve of a gas canister for holding a pressurized or liquefied gas, into an interior space of the body, leaving a sealed gap between at least a portion of a lateral aspect of the valve and an internal surface of the body facing the interior space; and at least one channel that is configured to conduct pressurized or liquified gas from a canister filling system into the sealed gap in the interior space, so as to reach one or more lateral exterior ports of the valve of the gas canister that open laterally to a longitudinal axis of a body of the gas canister, when the valve is inserted in the interior space, to facilitate filling of the gas canister with the pressurized or liquified gas through said one or more lateral exterior ports of the gas canister.

A system and method for cooling a liquid cryogenic fluid user with an inert and non-pressurized liquid cryogen in 120K to 200K temperature range is provided. This includes maintaining the first liquid cryogenic fluid within a first predetermined temperature range with the sub-cooler and/or the recirculation pump, maintaining the second liquid cryogenic fluid within a second predetermined temperature range with the heat exchanger, and recondensing the second liquid cryogenic fluid using the pressurized first liquid cryogenic fluid.

A compressed pressure vessel suitable for serving as construction element for building energy storage constructions thereof is described. The compressed pressure vessel comprises a first, inner, segment, wherein the inner segment comprises an inlet for filling or emptying the inner segment and wherein the inner segment is suitable for storing hydrogen, and a second, outer, segment, the outer segment adapted for being filled with a fluid, different from hydrogen, wherein the outer segment is substantially fully encompassing the inner segment.

The present invention, which falls within the field of refrigeration methods, is configured in a controlled system that uses the liquid fraction of dry ice as a heat exchanger. The method uses dry ice and pressures above 5.1atm so that the three phases coexist: solid, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. Through a connection in the container (1) the liquid fraction can be directed to another container (3) where the heat exchange occurs with the substance to be refrigerated, which causes the liquid CO2 to return to the gaseous state, which in turn can be directed to the container (5) for gas reuse. The system can have pressure switches, thermocouples, relays, pumps, valves and solenoids to control the conditions in each container and guarantee the integrity of the system.

A vaporizer system includes a defrosting function along with the ability to convert liquefied gas to a use gas. The vaporizer system includes first and second vaporizers and piping that transfers fluid from an inlet port to an outlet port with a portion of the piping being between the first and second vaporizer. The system also includes a trim heater and a number of valves for regulating flow of the fluid through the transfer piping. The valves may be placed in a first configuration where vapor from the first vaporizer is heated and directed to the second vaporizer so that the second vaporizer is defrosted and a second configuration where vapor from the second vaporizer is heated and directed to the first vaporizer so that the first vaporizer is defrosted.

A system for dispensing a cryogenic fluid includes a bulk storage tank configured to contain a supply of the cryogenic fluid. A heat exchanger coil is positioned in the headspace of at least one intermediate fluid tank, which contains an intermediate fluid, and is configured to receive and warm a cryogenic fluid from the bulk storage tank via heat exchange with intermediate fluid vapor in the headspace. A buffer tank receives fluid from the heat exchanger coil. A chiller coil is positioned within the intermediate fluid tank and is submerged within intermediate fluid liquid contained within the at least one intermediate fluid tank. The chiller coil receives fluid from the buffer tank and cools it via heat exchange with intermediate fluid liquid within which the chiller coil is submerged for dispensing.

A method for increasing the reliability and availability of a cryogenic fluid reliquefaction system is provided. Wherein the liquid cryogenic fluid is supplied to a cryogenic liquid user in the absence of a pump by elevating the storage height of the main cryogenic storage tank relative to the liquid cryogenic liquid user to a minimum predetermined height. Wherein the temperature of the liquid cryogenic fluid downstream of the sub-cooler is at least 1 degree Celsius above the freezing point of the cryogenic fluid at the internal pressure. The method also includes controlling the internal pressure of the main cryogenic tank by adjusting the recirculation flow to the, and maintaining the cold supply to the liquid cryogenic fluid user when the sub-cooling line is reduced or stopped by venting the vaporized cryogenic fluid.