An apparatus is configured to be positioned between a boss and a shell of a pressure vessel. The boss includes a bore therethrough, and the bore has a longitudinal axis. The apparatus includes an annular body and a gas permeable feature. The annular body includes an inner surface configured to abut the boss and an outer surface configured to abut the shell. The annular body has opposite first and second ends relative to the longitudinal axis. The gas permeable feature is provided on the inner surface and extends at least from the first end to the second end. The disclosure also describes a pressure vessel including a shell, and boss, and an apparatus positioned between the boss and the shell. A method for forming a pressure vessel includes mounting a boss on a mandrel, positioning an annular fitting about a neck of the boss, forming a liner, and forming an outer shell.

A safety system has a valve block (10) to which at least one gas safety valve (12, 14) is connected in a detachable manner. At least one controllable valve (50, 52, 58) is in or at the valve block (10). At least one pressure accumulator (42) holds a gaseous pressure medium and is connected to the valve block (10) in a detachable manner. A gas-conveying connection routed at least partially within the valve block (10) between the connected pressure accumulator (42) and the connected gas safety valves (12, 14) can be opened or blocked by the valve (50, 52, 58).

A cryogenic energy storage system comprises at least one cryogenic fluid storage tank having an output; a primary conduit through which a stream of cryogenic fluid may flow from the output of the fluid storage tank to an exhaust; a pump within the primary conduit downstream of the output of the tank for pressurising the cryogenic fluid stream; evaporative means within the primary conduit downstream of the pump for vaporising the pressurised cryogenic fluid stream; at least one expansion stage within the primary conduit downstream of the evaporative means for expanding the vaporised cryogenic fluid stream and for extracting work therefrom; a secondary conduit configured to divert at least a portion of the cryogenic fluid stream from the primary conduit and reintroduce it to the fluid storage tank; and pressure control means within the secondary conduit for controlling the flow of the diverted cryogenic fluid stream and thereby controlling the pressure within the tank. The secondary conduit is coupled to the primary conduit downstream of one or more of the at least one expansion stages.

A pressure vessel with a flushing lance, a transport container with pressure vessels and methods of filling and producing this pressure vessel are disclosed which comprises an inner vessel, an outer layer applied on the inner vessel, a valve connection piece arranged on one of the terminal caps of the inner vessel and a hollow flushing lance that is open to the outside and is guided through the valve connection piece and held therein in a sealing manner, wherein the flushing lance protrudes into the storage volume and is provided with a perforation along its entire length up to a first end of the flushing lance facing the terminal cap that lies opposite the valve connection piece in the storage volume for a gas exchange with the storage volume, wherein the flushing lance extends to the terminal cap which lies opposite the valve connection piece.

A pressure vessel has an interior chamber and includes an outer shell, a boss, and an internal liner disposed within the outer shell. The boss includes a port extending between the interior chamber and an exterior of the pressure vessel; and an annular flange extending radially from the port and having an exterior surface and an interior surface. The liner includes an exterior portion adjacent the exterior surface of the flange; an interior portion adjacent the interior surface of the flange; and a vent in the interior portion. A method for forming a pressure vessel includes mounting a boss on a mandrel, flowing a non-metallic polymer around a flange of the boss to form an internal liner of the pressure vessel, forming a vent in an interior portion of the liner; and forming an outer shell surrounding the liner and at least a portion of the flange of the boss.

A low-temperature tank includes a container main body. The container main body includes a metal liner forming a storage space and a wall member formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic wound on an outer peripheral surface of the metal liner. The metal liner includes a bent portion that extends in two directions intersecting each other on a surface thereof and that is bent to project toward the storage space.

A fiber structure that includes a liner, and a fiber reinforcement base material formed of a fabric. The fiber reinforcement base material externally covers a body portion and a dome-shaped portion of the liner, and includes first yarns and second yarns. The first yarns are arranged such that a direction in which a yarn main axis of each of the first yarns in the body portion and the dome-shaped portion proceeds is a circumferential direction of the liner. The second yarns are arranged such that a direction in which a yarn main axis of each of the second yarns in the body portion proceeds is an axial direction of the body portion and that a direction in which a yarn main axis of a portion of each of the second yarns arranged in the dome-shaped portion proceeds is an axial direction of the dome-shaped portion.

An apparatus for mounting a fluid cryogen injection nozzle to the exterior surface of a side wall of a cryogenic process vessel for permitting injection of a fluid cryogen into the interior of the cryogenic process vessel, the mounting apparatus including a base member and a rotatable insert member engaged with the base member, the rotatable insert member including a template for creating an opening in the side wall of the process vessel that is configured to accept the cryogen injection nozzle, and for attaching mechanical fasteners to the side wall of the process vessel in a defined pattern, such as a concentric pattern about the opening in the side wall of the cryogenic process vessel. A related mounting method is also provided.

Method, system, apparatus, and/or device to secure the vapor plug within the dewar. The vapor plug retention strap includes a first connector, a second connector and a main body. The second connector is configured to couple with the first connector. The main body is coupled in between the first connector and the second connector. The main body has a receptacle formed within that is configured to receive a neck of a vapor plug of a dewar and retain the neck of the vapor plug to secure the vapor plug within the dewar.

A cryogenic railway tank car includes an outer tank, an inner tank positioned within the outer tank, an internal nozzle, and a pipe. The inner tank includes a shell that defines an opening. The internal nozzle is coupled to the inner tank at least along a perimeter of the opening and extends in a radial direction through the opening and into the inner tank. A space defined by an interior surface of the outer tank, an exterior surface of the inner tank, and an interior surface of the nozzle is configured to hold a vacuum. The pipe is configured to transport the fluid between an exterior of the outer tank and the interior of the inner tank. At least a portion of the pipe extends from the outer tank to the inner tank through at least a portion of the nozzle.