A dosing vessel includes a reservoir having an inlet and an outlet and is configured to contain a supply of a cryogenic liquid with a headspace above. The outlet is configured to be connected to a dosing arm having a dosing head. A low pressure sensor is configured to detect a vapor pressure in the headspace. A high pressure sensor is configured to detect a pressure in a bottom portion of the reservoir. An inlet valve is in fluid communication with the inlet of the reservoir and is placed in communication with a source of cryogenic liquid. A controller is in communication with the high and low pressure sensors and the inlet valve and is configured to store a preset liquid level or a preset differential pressure corresponding to the preset liquid level, to determine a measured differential pressure based on data from the high and low pressure sensors and to control the inlet valve based on the measured differential pressure and the preset liquid level or the preset differential pressure so that a liquid level of a cryogenic liquid stored in the reservoir is generally maintained at the preset liquid level.

A compressed gas energy storage system may include an accumulator for containing a layer of compressed gas atop a layer of liquid. A gas conduit may have an upper end in communication with a gas compressor/expander subsystem and a lower end in communication with accumulator interior for conveying compressed gas into the compressed gas layer of the accumulator when in use. A shaft may have an interior for containing a quantity of a liquid and may be fluidly connectable to a liquid source/sink via a liquid supply conduit. A partition may cover may separate the accumulator interior from the shaft interior. An internal accumulator force may act on the inner surface of the partition and the liquid within the shaft may exert an external counter force on the outer surface of the partition, whereby a net force acting on the partition is less than the accumulator force.

A type IV pressure vessel has improved permeate gas management. The pressure vessel comprises an inner polymeric liner, a breather layer disposed on the liner, and an outer composite shell structure disposed on the breather layer. The breather layer is gas permeable, impermeable to liquids, and provides a flow passageway for gas permeating through the liner wall collected by the breather layer. The outer composite shell is formed by one or more layers of fiber of a first fiber type and resin. Gas permeating from an interior space of the liner is received by the breather layer and directed to a predetermined exit location on the pressure vessel.

Implementations of the present disclosure generally relate to an apparatus for large-scale external pressure storage, and more particularly for large-scale storage of liquid hydrogen and other products that require evacuated insulation. In some examples, a plate for a storage apparatus is provided. The plate a body that includes a beveled joint with the body having a nominal thickness at the beveled joint. The beveled joint is configured to be welded to a corresponding beveled joint of an adjacent plate.

Disclosed is a mobile cart including a base for accommodating one or more gas cylinders, castors, a main column extending upwards from the base, a stowage cabinet arranged along the main column, an anchoring structure arranged at an upper end of the main column, a support post carried by the anchoring structure and equipped with fixing unit for a gas delivery apparatus, and a manual gripping handle allowing a user to manipulate the cart. Use of such a mobile cart to transport one or more cylinders of gas, in particular a NO/N2 mixture and/or oxygen, and a gas delivery apparatus.

A type IV conformable pressure vessel is provided comprising an elongated folded tank and a valve assembly configured to pass fluid into and out of an interior of the tank through first and second filling couplers directly connected to a respective first and second end of the tank. The tank has at least two chambers for the storage of fluid. The valve assembly receives fluid from an external source, selectively provides the external fluid through a Venturi nozzle into a mixing chamber, recirculates fluid from the second end of the tank into the mixing chamber, and delivers the mixture of the recirculated fluid and the external fluid to the first end of the tank.

A cryogenic fluid fueling system includes a first container configured to contain a first cryogenic liquid with a first headspace being positioned above the first cryogenic liquid. A heat exchanger vaporizes a portion of the first cryogenic liquid such that pressure within the first container is raised as vaporized cryogen moves into the first headspace. A second container is configured to contain a second cryogenic liquid with a second headspace being positioned above the second cryogenic liquid. A condensing coil is positioned within the second headspace of the second container and fluidically connected to the first interior of the first container such that a portion of the first cryogenic liquid is propelled into the condensing coil and is warmed to provide a first cryogenic vapor.

A cryogenic dewar may include an inner tank and an outer tank. The cryogenic dewar may further include a plurality of trunnion mounts. A first four of the trunnion mounts may be coupled between a front half of the inner tank and a front half of the outer tank. A second four of the trunnion mounts may be coupled between a rear half of the inner tank and a rear half of the outer tank. The trunnion mount may be further strengthen with a plurality of pie-shaped reinforcing pads welded to each other and to an outer surface of the inner tank.

A heat exchanger comprises an inlet, an outlet, a heat exchanging channel, and an opening. The heat exchanging channel surrounds a cavity. The opening provides access to the cavity. The inlet is coupled to one end of the heat exchanging channel and the outlet is coupled to another end of the heat exchanging channel. The heat exchanging channel is isolated from the cavity. No access or passage is present between the heat exchanging channel and the cavity. During operation, heat exchanging fluid flows through the heat exchanging channel thereby cooling fluid within the cavity. The heat exchanging fluid never contacts the fluid within the cavity. In various embodiments, the heat exchanging channel has a single or stacked layer when viewed along a cross section. The heat exchanging channel has a spherical, cylindrical, or rectangular shape. In one embodiment, an insulative layer is disposed between layers of the heat exchanging channel.

An apparatus for depressurizing a pair of accumulators to provide high pressure gas includes a tank in fluid communication with each one of the pair of accumulators for receiving vapor from the pair of accumulators for storage and dispensing the vapor to a remote location other than the pair of accumulators and external atmosphere, a first fluid connection including a first valve assembly interconnecting the tank and a first accumulator of the pair of accumulators, a second fluid connection including a second valve assembly interconnecting the tank and a second accumulator of the pair of accumulators, wherein the first fluid connection with the first valve assembly and the second fluid connection with the second valve assembly are each constructed and arranged to deliver the vapor from a corresponding one of the first accumulator and the second accumulator to the tank during alternating intervals. A related method and system are also provided.