The present disclosure provides systems and methods for refilling fluid containers. A fluid container may include a bottle and a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include two valves and be configured to engage with the bottle and a filling head or dispensing head. A system is configured to provide pressurized fluid to the refillable container, monitor filling, determine when to stop filling, and determine how much fluid was provided. The valve assembly may include a float mechanism coupled to one of the valves of the valve assembly to ensure fluid flow is stopped when the fluid container is full. The fluid, which can include carbon dioxide, is stored in a storage tank. A flow system provides the fluid to a filling head, which engages with the fluid container. The flow system includes a transfer pump, valves, and sensors configured to provide the fluid to the filling head.

The present disclosure provides a system for managing a pressure in an underground cryogenic liquid storage tank and a method for the same. The system includes: a storage tank, which is used for containing cryogenic liquid and is buried underground; an internal pump, which is located below a liquid level of the cryogenic liquid; an evaporator, provided with an upstream end which is in communication with a discharge end of the internal pump and a downstream end which is in communication with a head space via a vapor delivery line; a control valve, which is disposed on the vapor delivery line downstream of the evaporator; and a flow limiter, which is disposed on the vapor delivery line upstream of or downstream of the control valve. The present disclosure can realize efficient pressurization to the storage tank so as to prevent collapsing of the storage tank.

A method includes receiving, by a computing device, electronic information about pressure. The method further includes determining, by the computing device, the pressure is at a particular threshold. The method further includes sending, by the computing device, a communication to close a particular valve and prevent gas flow from a first tank. The method further includes sending, by the computing device, another communication to open another valve and allow gas flow from a second tank.

A fire engine including a vehicle frame, a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline, a gasification device, a plurality of electric valves, a water pipe adapter, a liquid nitrogen spray gun, and a mixed spray gun. The liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline. The first pipeline connects the lower part of the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the gasification device, and the upper part of the liquid nitrogen storage tank sequentially in that order. The second pipeline connects the liquid nitrogen storage tank, an input end of the liquid nitrogen spray gun, and a first input end of the mixed spray gun. The mixed spray gun includes a first input end, a second input end, a liquid nitrogen nozzle, and a spray pipe. The spray pipe includes a contraction section, an expansion section, and an acceleration section.

A method of operating a hydrostatically compensated compressed air energy storage system in a first charging mode including conveying the compressed air at a nearly constant first operating pressure which displaces a corresponding volume of compensation liquid from the layer of compensation liquid out of the accumulator, and a second charging mode including conveying additional compressed air into the accumulator while compensation liquid is not displaced from within the accumulator so that the pressure of the layer of compressed air increases to a second operating pressure that is greater than the first operating pressure.

The invention relates to a tank for storing a cryogenic mixture of liquid and gas, comprising a first casing, a draw-off pipe for drawing off fluid, which has an upstream end connected to said first casing, a filling circuit comprising a first filling pipe with an upstream end to be connected to a fluid source and a downstream end connected to the lower portion of the first casing, said filling circuit comprising a second filling pipe connected to the fluid source and a downstream end connected to the upper portion of the first casing, wherein the upstream ends of said first and second filling pipes are designed to be connected to the same fluid source simultaneously, and a distribution valve assembly which is configured to allow distribution of the fluid in said filling pipes, wherein the tank comprises a sensor assembly which measures the pressure in the first casing, said distribution valve assembly being configured to automatically adjust the pressure in the first casing, during filling, to a predetermined pressure setpoint (Pc) by means of the automatic distribution of the flow rate of fluid from the source in the filling pipes, depending on the pressure setpoint (Pc) and the pressure measured by the sensor assembly.

A cryogenic nitrogen sourced gas-driven pneumatic device that is configured to provide a pressurized gas to end devices is described herein. In some instances, the a cryogenic nitrogen sourced gas-driven pneumatic device may include a cryogenic storage tank that stores liquid nitrogen under pressure, a pressure build circuit configured to build and hold pressure in the cryogenic storage tank, an economizer circuit configured to draw gas that forms in the cryogenic storage tank for an end device, and a vaporizer is configured to convert the liquid nitrogen into a gas as it is drawn through the vaporizer.

A method for machining workpieces, having a cryogenic fluid intake in a machining zone, including locating a valve on the line connecting a fluid source to a machining tool in the machining zone, the valve self-regulates the degree of opening according to the pressure required downstream thereof, the valve is located inside a cold box for implementing the cryogenic fluid and provides a fixed and adjustable pressure, and a fixed adjustable flow, to the machining tool, irrespective of the tool that is used, and the number of orifices and the diameter of the fluid ejection orifices in the tool.

A boss includes a neck and a flange that extends radially outward from the neck. The neck includes a bore therethrough with a longitudinal axis. The flange includes an exterior surface, an interior surface, and a peripheral surface at a farthest extent from the longitudinal axis. The peripheral surface connects the interior surface and the exterior surface and includes, along any radius of the boss, a first circumferential ridge and a second circumferential ridge, wherein the first circumferential ridge is located closer to the exterior surface than the second circumferential ridge. In another aspect, a pressure vessel includes a boss and a liner. In yet another aspect, a method of assembling a pressure vessel is described, which includes inserting the boss through the aperture of the liner and connecting the boss and liner so that the peripheral surface of the boss mates with the perimeter surface of the liner.

A system and method of operation is described wherein a cryogenic liquid transport fluid is used as in a thermal cascade with at least one volatile gas. The volatile gas in the liquid state enables transport thereof. In operating this system, the liquid volatile gas is maintained at a temperature below its boiling point, below its flash point, but above its freezing point.