A method of temporarily storing thermal energy via a thermal storage subsystem in a compressed air energy storage system comprising an accumulator disposed at least 300 m underground and having an interior configured to contain compressed air at an accumulator pressure that is at least 20 bar and a gas compressor/expander subsystem in communication with the accumulator via an air flow path for conveying compressed air to the accumulator when in a charging mode and from the accumulator when in a discharging mode.

The present invention is a pressure tank comprising a tubular part and two bottoms (5) with the bottoms (5) positioned at the ends of the tubular part. The tubular part comprises a cylindrical wall (1) and a ply of circumferential reinforcing elements (2) wound around cylindrical wall (1). The elastic modulus of the material of cylindrical wall (1) is less than the elastic modulus of the material of the first ply of circumferential reinforcing elements (2). The invention also relates to an energy storage and recovery system comprising a compressor, an expansion device, a heat storage and a compressed air tank according to the aforementioned characteristics.

A gas insulating interface between a compressed gas source and sink is presented. In some embodiments, the interface includes a primary tank for receiving a gas from the compressed gas source, a secondary gas tank for receiving a gas from the primary gas tank and for providing gas to the sink, valves for communicating the above elements, and/or a controller. The controller may control valves by control operations. Optionally, no control operation thereof responds to gas consuming immediately before the control operation. The controller may follow a predetermined duty cycle. The gas interface may include a pressure gauge of the primary gas tank and/or an emptying valve, which may communicate with the controller. Optionally, the gas insulating interface includes a detachable connector to the compressed gas source and/or a detachable connector to compressed devices. Optionally, there is a communication channel to the compressed gas source.

A valve assembly for pressurized containers includes a main structure, a rotary control element rotatably connected to the main structure and configured so as to allow a gas flow through the valve assembly in accordance with an angular position thereof about a main rotation axis, a detection device which includes an angular position sensor and a movable member. The angular position sensor is configured to detect the angular position of the movable member about an auxiliary rotation axis. The movable member is rotatably supported on the main structure and the angular position sensor is fixed to the main structure. The valve assembly further includes a movement conversion mechanism configured so as to convert the movement of the rotary control element about the main axis into a corresponding rotational movement of the movable member about the auxiliary axis which is different with respect to the main rotation axis.

A method and system for forming a compressed gas and dispensing it to a compressed gas receiver. The compressed gas is formed from a process fluid provided at a cryogenic temperature. The forming includes pressurizing the process fluid, feeding the pressurized process fluid at still a cryogenic temperature to a heat exchanger and heating it in indirect heat exchange with a thermal fluid which is provided in a reservoir at a thermal fluid temperature above the cryogenic temperature of the pressurized process fluid. Once heated to a suitable temperature the compressed gas may be dispensed to the compressed gas receiver or stored in one or more compressed gas storage vessels for later use.

A multiple component system consisting of segments that connect to a high-pressure canister, forming a compact pneumatic delivery system. A typical cylinder capable of storing high pressure air is utilized for construction pneumatic tool operation. By connecting the tool to a two-stage regulator using a custom fitted air hose, normal low-pressure operation of construction pneumatic tools can accomplish. The air regulation system is adjustable for output pressure making it compatible with a wide range of construction pneumatic tools. The entire pneumatic delivery system is compact and offers untethered mobility, fitting all components on the user's belt.

Portable vessels, regulators, apparatus, and methods for storing fluids under pressure are disclosed.

A compressed gas energy storage system may include an accumulator for containing a layer of compressed gas atop a layer of liquid. A gas conduit may have an upper end in communication with a gas compressor/expander subsystem and a lower end in communication with accumulator interior for conveying compressed gas into the compressed gas layer of the accumulator when in use. A shaft may have an interior for containing a quantity of a liquid and may be fluidly connectable to a liquid source/sink via a liquid supply conduit. A partition may cover may separate the accumulator interior from the shaft interior. An internal accumulator force may act on the inner surface of the partition and the liquid within the shaft may exert an external counter force on the outer surface of the partition, whereby a net force acting on the partition is less than the accumulator force.

A pressure regulator for controlling the flow of gas from a high pressure source to a low pressure device and regulating a pressure to the low pressure device includes a body having a high pressure inlet and a regulated pressure outlet. The body has a series of passages and bores including first and second regulator valve assembly bores and first and second fill valve assembly bores. The first and second regulator valve assembly bores are disposed on opposing sides of one of the passages and the first and second fill valve assembly bores are disposed on opposing sides of one of the passages. A regulator valve assembly includes a seal, a regulator valve piston, a biasing member and an adjusting plug positioned in the first regulator valve assembly bore, and a seal, a seat, a ball, a spring and a plug positioned in the second regulator valve assembly. A fill valve assembly includes a seal, a jam nut, a spring, a valve shaft, and a shaft actuator positioned in the first fill valve assembly bore and a seal, a seat, a ball, a spring and a plug positioned in the second fill valve assembly bore.

A System to convert and dispense pressurized gas(es) of cryogenic liquids of gas(es), and systems and methods using a sphere pressure vessel to efficiently convert liquid natural gas (LNG) to compressed natural gas (CNG) and low pressure natural gas (NG) and other cryogenic liquids of gas. The system requires one dedicated sphere pressure vessel at the dispensing location and the location of elements according to horizontal and vertical orientation to convert, retain, store, and dispense multiple pressures of gas from a cryogenic liquid supply such as a non-dedicated high pressure cryogenic personal supply tank. The system efficiently modifies and controls parameters of volume, pressure, and temperature in conversion scale to retain all converted product under human control to dispense, without process required waste, for use in commercial, utility and industrial uses, and scaleable for single family residential applications where service can be accomplished by pickup truck and trailer, where semi trucks access is not available.