A responsive cryogenic power distribution system for maintaining cryogenic refrigeration throughout a superconducting network. The responsive cryogenic power distribution system includes a plurality of cryogenic cable arrangements and cryogenic cooling stations, arranged to form a single master closed loop arrangement and a plurality of sub closed loop arrangements, enclosed within the single master closed loop arrangement. The system also includes sensors and controllers that allow for reconfiguration in the event of a loss of one or more cryogenic cooling stations and/or one or more cryogenic cable arrangements.

A cryostat arrangement (1), with a vacuum container (2) and an object (4) to be cooled, is provided, wherein the object (4) to be cooled is arranged inside the vacuum container (2) comprising a neck tube (8) leading to the object (4) to be cooled. A closed cavity (9) is formed around the cooling arm (10) of a cold head (11), wherein the cavity (9) in normal operation is filled at least partly with a first cryogenic fluid (34), and wherein a first thermal coupling component (15) is provided for the thermal coupling of the first cryogenic fluid (34) in the cavity (9) to the object (4) to be cooled. The cryostat arrangement (1) further comprises a pump device (14), to which the cavity (9) is connected, and with which the cavity (9) is configured to be evacuated upon failure of the cooling function of the cold head (11). Various cryostat configurations are provided.

A cryostat arrangement (1), with a vacuum container (2) and an object (4) to be cooled, is provided, wherein the object (4) to be cooled is arranged inside the vacuum container (2) comprising a neck tube (8) leading to the object (4) to be cooled. A closed cavity (9) is formed around the cooling arm (10) of a cold head (11), wherein the cavity (9) in normal operation is filled at least partly with a first cryogenic fluid (34), and wherein a first thermal coupling component (15) is provided for the thermal coupling of the first cryogenic fluid (34) in the cavity (9) to the object (4) to be cooled. The cryostat arrangement (1) further comprises a pump device (14), to which the cavity (9) is connected, and with which the cavity (9) is configured to be evacuated upon failure of the cooling function of the cold head (11). Various cryostat configurations are provided.

The invention relates to a cryogenic energy storage system (CESS), particularly to a hybrid CESS which includes superconducting electrical based components, devices and systems therein requiring access to cryogenic temperatures to function. The CESS includes a cryogen storage facility such as a tank or cylinder filled with a cryogen, such as liquid air. A cryogen expansion arrangement is provided to the CESS to expand stored cryogen from the cryogen storage facility, in use; and an energy generating arrangement is provided to use expanding cryogen from the cryogen expansion arrangement to generate electrical energy, in use. A superconducting system, comprising a superconducting device, is embedded in the cryogen storage facility in order to function at a desired operating temperature having no or little influence on the cryogenic energy storage system (CESS).

Techniques facilitating custom thermal shields for cryogenic environments are provided. In one example, a cryostat can comprise a thermal shield extending between a thermal stage and a base structure coupled to a bottom plate of an outer vacuum chamber. The thermal stage can be coupled to a top plate of the outer vacuum chamber. The thermal shield can provide access to a sample mounting surface encompassed within the thermal shield from a region external to the outer vacuum chamber via the top and bottom plates of the outer vacuum chamber.

Present disclosure relates to a DC superconducting liquid hydrogen energy pipeline system with liquid nitrogen cold shields, including a starting station, one or more intermediate stations, and a terminal station connected sequentially through a liquid hydrogen superconducting pipeline with liquid nitrogen cold shields. Liquid hydrogen superconducting energy pipeline with liquid nitrogen cold shields includes liquid hydrogen transmission pipeline, a liquid nitrogen cold shield layer, the external cold insulation layer and the superconducting cable group arranged inside liquid hydrogen transmission pipeline having a liquid nitrogen cold shield in an outer section of the liquid hydrogen transmission pipeline. Present invention can be applied to a large new energy base for DC superconducting transmission of electricity, and excess power can generate hydrogen, and hydrogen generated provides a low-temperature environment for realizing superconductivity after liquefaction. DC superconducting liquid hydrogen energy pipeline system efficiently transmits electricity in large capacity and low loss.

The present invention provides a two stage cryogen cooling system for particular use in cooling a cryogen employed in a superconducting power transmission cable, the cooling system employing a sub-cooler pump such as a venturi pump to effect both cooling stages, the first cooling stage being the cooling of the liquid cryogen flowing through an inner lumen of a cryostat of the cooling system and the second stage being the generation of a supply of gaseous cryogen for supply to a second lumen of the cryostat surrounding the inner lumen.