A fluid filtration apparatus. The fluid filtration apparatus includes a pump, a filter apparatus and a valve assembly. An inlet of the valve assembly shares a common junction with an outlet of the pump and an inlet of the filter apparatus. The fluid filtration apparatus further includes a sensor configured to detect a filter triggering condition and a control module coupled to the sensor and the valve assembly. The control module is configured to control operation of the pump based on the detected filter triggering condition.

A management system for managing an operating condition for a pipeline that processes fluid, the management system including a processor configured to: obtain measurement values from sensors provided in devices that constitute the pipeline; and estimate a maximum processing amount of the fluid in the entire pipeline in operation by inputting the measurement values obtained from the sensors into a physical model that is built based on physical properties of the devices.

The invention relates to a method for casting a sheet of a material containing alkaloids, the method comprising: —forming a slurry of the material containing alkaloids, the slurry having a viscosity value; —storing the slurry in a first tank; —providing a first flow-path and a second flow-path for fluid communication between the first tank and a casting box, the first flow-path comprising a first pump and the second flow-path comprising a second pump; —directing the slurry either along the first flow-path or along the second flow-path from the first tank to the casting box, defining a flow of slurry through the first flow-path or through the second flow-path, on the basis of the viscosity value of the slurry; and—casting the slurry to obtain a sheet of material containing alkaloids. The invention further relates to a casting apparatus for the production of a sheet of material containing alkaloids.

The invention relates to a method for casting a sheet of a material containing alkaloids, the method comprising: —forming a slurry of the material containing alkaloids, the slurry having a viscosity value; —storing the slurry in a first tank; —providing a first flow-path and a second flow-path for fluid communication between the first tank and a casting box, the first flow-path comprising a first pump and the second flow-path comprising a second pump; —directing the slurry either along the first flow-path or along the second flow-path from the first tank to the casting box, defining a flow of slurry through the first flow-path or through the second flow-path, on the basis of the viscosity value of the slurry; and—casting the slurry to obtain a sheet of material containing alkaloids. The invention further relates to a casting apparatus for the production of a sheet of material containing alkaloids.

A petroleum pipeline safety system for preventing contamination of an environmentally sensitive area close to a pipeline is provided. The system includes a first portion of the pipeline including an upstream portion of the pipeline supplying a flow of fluid material and a flow restriction downstream of the first portion of the pipeline. The system further includes a second portion of the pipeline downstream of the flow restriction, receiving the flow of fluid material from the first portion and conveying the flow of fluid material through the environmentally sensitive area to a downstream portion of the pipeline. The flow restriction is configured to create a lower pipeline internal pressure within the second portion as compared to a pipeline internal pressure within the first portion. The system further includes a third portion of the pipeline downstream of the environmentally sensitive area and including the downstream portion of the pipeline.

A petroleum pipeline safety system for preventing contamination of an environmentally sensitive area close to a pipeline is provided. The system includes a first portion of the pipeline including an upstream portion of the pipeline supplying a flow of fluid material and a flow restriction downstream of the first portion of the pipeline. The system further includes a second portion of the pipeline downstream of the flow restriction, receiving the flow of fluid material from the first portion and conveying the flow of fluid material through the environmentally sensitive area to a downstream portion of the pipeline. The flow restriction is configured to create a lower pipeline internal pressure within the second portion as compared to a pipeline internal pressure within the first portion. The system further includes a third portion of the pipeline downstream of the environmentally sensitive area and including the downstream portion of the pipeline.

In one embodiment, a pipeline system includes a pipe fitting to be secured to a pipe segment including tubing that defines a pipe bore and a fluid conduit implemented in a tubing annulus of the tubing, in which the pipe fitting includes a fitting grab notch implemented on an outer surface of the pipe fitting, and a supplemental containment wall assembly to be deployed at the pipe fitting. The supplemental containment wall assembly includes a containment wall shell to be secured circumferentially around the pipe fitting to define a fitting annulus that is sealed at least between the outer surface of the pipe fitting and an inner surface of the containment wall shell to facilitate providing multi-wall containment in the pipeline system and a shell grab tab implemented on the inner surface of the containment wall shell, in which the shell grab tab matingly interlocks with the fitting grab notch on the outer surface of the pipe fitting to facilitate securing the containment wall shell to the pipe fitting.

In one embodiment, a pipeline system includes a pipe fitting to be secured to a pipe segment including tubing that defines a pipe bore and a fluid conduit implemented in a tubing annulus of the tubing, in which the pipe fitting includes a fitting grab notch implemented on an outer surface of the pipe fitting, and a supplemental containment wall assembly to be deployed at the pipe fitting. The supplemental containment wall assembly includes a containment wall shell to be secured circumferentially around the pipe fitting to define a fitting annulus that is sealed at least between the outer surface of the pipe fitting and an inner surface of the containment wall shell to facilitate providing multi-wall containment in the pipeline system and a shell grab tab implemented on the inner surface of the containment wall shell, in which the shell grab tab matingly interlocks with the fitting grab notch on the outer surface of the pipe fitting to facilitate securing the containment wall shell to the pipe fitting.

In one embodiment, a pipeline system includes a pipe fitting to be secured to a pipe segment including tubing that defines a pipe bore and a fluid conduit implemented in a tubing annulus of the tubing, in which the pipe fitting includes a fitting grab notch implemented on an outer surface of the pipe fitting, and a supplemental containment wall assembly to be deployed at the pipe fitting. The supplemental containment wall assembly includes a containment wall shell to be secured circumferentially around the pipe fitting to define a fitting annulus that is sealed at least between the outer surface of the pipe fitting and an inner surface of the containment wall shell to facilitate providing multi-wall containment in the pipeline system and a shell grab tab implemented on the inner surface of the containment wall shell, in which the shell grab tab matingly interlocks with the fitting grab notch on the outer surface of the pipe fitting to facilitate securing the containment wall shell to the pipe fitting.

In one embodiment, a pipeline system includes a pipe fitting to be secured to a pipe segment including tubing that defines a pipe bore and a fluid conduit implemented in a tubing annulus of the tubing, in which the pipe fitting includes a fitting grab notch implemented on an outer surface of the pipe fitting, and a supplemental containment wall assembly to be deployed at the pipe fitting. The supplemental containment wall assembly includes a containment wall shell to be secured circumferentially around the pipe fitting to define a fitting annulus that is sealed at least between the outer surface of the pipe fitting and an inner surface of the containment wall shell to facilitate providing multi-wall containment in the pipeline system and a shell grab tab implemented on the inner surface of the containment wall shell, in which the shell grab tab matingly interlocks with the fitting grab notch on the outer surface of the pipe fitting to facilitate securing the containment wall shell to the pipe fitting.