An LED bulb structure includes a glass envelope, support, LED light emitting body, tungsten filament light emitting body and electronic element units, where the glass envelope is vacuum-sealed, the support formed by a conducting wire is fixed inside it, both LED and tungsten filament light emitting bodies are configured on the support, the necessary electronic element units are configured on the support between the LED light emitting body and tungsten filament light emitting body, and one side of the support is set to a positive pole and another side thereof a negative pole. As arranged, air will enter the glass envelope of a broken LED bulb to cause the tungsten filament to be burned to break to extinguish, and thus to cause the LED light emitting body to extinguish in such a way to remind users that the broken LED bulb must be replaced with a new one.

An LED bulb structure includes a glass envelope, support, LED light emitting body, tungsten filament light emitting body and electronic element units, where the glass envelope is vacuum-sealed, the support formed by a conducting wire is fixed inside it, both LED and tungsten filament light emitting bodies are configured on the support, the necessary electronic element units are configured on the support between the LED light emitting body and tungsten filament light emitting body, and one side of the support is set to a positive pole and another side thereof a negative pole. As arranged, air will enter the glass envelope of a broken LED bulb to cause the tungsten filament to be burned to break to extinguish, and thus to cause the LED light emitting body to extinguish in such a way to remind users that the broken LED bulb must be replaced with a new one.

A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state lamp comprises an LED driving circuit, LED arrays, a rectifier configured to convert an input AC voltage into a DC voltage, and an electric arc detection and current control module. The electric arc detection and current control module comprises a first derivative circuit configured to detect voltage variations from the DC voltage provided by the rectifier. The DC voltage varies drastically when an electric arc occurs while maintaining intact when the input AC voltage is not affected by the electric arc. The first derivative circuit takes a first-derivative of the voltage variations, coupling to a comparator circuit to determine if the electric arc occurs. When the electric arc is detected, the electric arc detection and current control module shuts off a current return from the LED arrays to reach the rectifier, hence preventing the electric arc from occurring during relamping or operating.

A luminaire (10) is disclosed with built-in surge protection. The luminaire comprises an electrically conductive structure including a carrier (11) carrying at least one active circuit component (15, 16) and a shielding element (13) at least partially covering the carrier inside a housing, a set of active conductors (17, 19) connected to the active circuit component for connecting the active circuit component to a mains supply including a neutral (N) and live (L) terminal, wherein one of said terminals is further connected to the shielding element by a connection (19′) bypassing the at least one active circuit. The housing comprises a cover (21) over the electrically conductive structure, wherein the shielding element defines a clearance (25) between the electrically conductive structure and the cover, said clearance comprising a pinch point (27) between the shielding element and the cover.

A luminaire (10) is disclosed with built-in surge protection. The luminaire comprises an electrically conductive structure including a carrier (11) carrying at least one active circuit component (15, 16) and a shielding element (13) at least partially covering the carrier inside a housing, a set of active conductors (17, 19) connected to the active circuit component for connecting the active circuit component to a mains supply including a neutral (N) and live (L) terminal, wherein one of said terminals is further connected to the shielding element by a connection (19′) bypassing the at least one active circuit. The housing comprises a cover (21) over the electrically conductive structure, wherein the shielding element defines a clearance (25) between the electrically conductive structure and the cover, said clearance comprising a pinch point (27) between the shielding element and the cover.

A warning device (100, 212, 301, 302, 510) for use in a luminaire (201, 410, 501), comprising a housing (110, 210, 310) accommodating a drive module (115, 215, 401, 402, 520) arranged to be coupled to a luminaire and to a mains voltage (260, 560). The drive module comprises a light source (120, 420) coupled to a switch (180, 380, 491, 492) and an electrical interface (140, 240) configured to electrically connect the drive module and the mains voltage to a light element (530) of the luminaire. The housing comprises a lid (130, 230, 330) operably coupled to the switch of the drive module and configured to activate the switch upon an opening of the lid for switching on the light source upon a current of the mains voltage passing in the electrical interface and deactivate the switch module upon a closing of the lid for switching off the light source.

A warning device (100, 212, 301, 302, 510) for use in a luminaire (201, 410, 501), comprising a housing (110, 210, 310) accommodating a drive module (115, 215, 401, 402, 520) arranged to be coupled to a luminaire and to a mains voltage (260, 560). The drive module comprises a light source (120, 420) coupled to a switch (180, 380, 491, 492) and an electrical interface (140, 240) configured to electrically connect the drive module and the mains voltage to a light element (530) of the luminaire. The housing comprises a lid (130, 230, 330) operably coupled to the switch of the drive module and configured to activate the switch upon an opening of the lid for switching on the light source upon a current of the mains voltage passing in the electrical interface and deactivate the switch module upon a closing of the lid for switching off the light source.

A lamp has a safety circuit connected to first and second electrical connection terminals. A test is used to detect if the first and second electrical connection terminals are both connected to external power without an interfering impedance such a human body, and only then enable operation of the lamp. A time for the test is different from a time when another lamp in the system applies a test.

A lamp has a safety circuit connected to first and second electrical connection terminals. A test is used to detect if the first and second electrical connection terminals are both connected to external power without an interfering impedance such a human body, and only then enable operation of the lamp. A time for the test is different from a time when another lamp in the system applies a test.

The invention further describes tube LED lamp (1) realised to replace a fluorescent tube lamp (70), which tube LED lamp (1) comprises a tube (12) containing an LED arrangement (10) with a number of LEDs (100); a connector arrangement (16A, 16B) with connectors (16) realized for insertion into sockets (50) of a socket arrangement (50A, 50B) of a tube lamp housing (5) incorporating a dimming ballast (20, 21); a driver circuit arrangement (11) for driving the LED arrangement (10), which driver circuit arrangement (11) is realized to output an LED current (I.sub.LED) on the basis of an input current provided by the dimming ballast (20, 21); and a safety switch (S.sub.13, M1) arranged within the tube (12) to electrically isolate connectors (16) of the connector arrangement (16A, 16B), wherein the safety switch (S.sub.13, M1) is arranged between the driver circuit arrangement (11) and the LED arrangement (10). The invention further describes a method of driving a tube LED lamp (1) from a dimming ballast (20, 21) of a fluorescent tube lamp (70).