A control method for operating a heat recovery steam generator having a flue gas channel in which an evaporator, having at least two evaporator heating surfaces arranged successively in the flue gas channel and at least one intermediate heating surface arranged between the evaporator heating surfaces, is provided, the method including determining a characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator for the evaporator heating surfaces, additionally determining for the at least one intermediate heating surface, an additional characteristic value for the heat absorption of the intermediate heating surface, and subtracting this additional characteristic value from the characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator.

Disclosed is a Once-Through Steam Generator (OTSG) coil (52) and method, comprising a plurality of vertically arranged serpentine conduits (90) in a horizontal heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) that replaces a traditional natural circulation HP evaporator for producing super-critical steam. The OTSG comprises a lower equalization header system (130) that promotes system stability in multiple operating conditions. The equalization header allows a partial flow of fluid from the lower serpentine curved flow path (120) through an equalization conduit (125) into the equalization header (130) Disclosed also are: a flow restriction device in serpentine conduits; drainage structure from serpentine conduits through the equalization header, a drainage expansion section to accommodate stresses, and drainage bypass connections; and flow through serpentine conduits in upstream and downstream directions, mixed flow directions and longitudinally staggered directions.

Disclosed is a Once-Through Steam Generator (OTSG) coil (52) and method, comprising a plurality of vertically arranged serpentine conduits (90) in a horizontal heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) that replaces a traditional natural circulation HP evaporator for producing super-critical steam. The OTSG comprises a lower equalization header system (130) that promotes system stability in multiple operating conditions. The equalization header allows a partial flow of fluid from the lower serpentine curved flow path (120) through an equalization conduit (125) into the equalization header (130) Disclosed also are: a flow restriction device in serpentine conduits; drainage structure from serpentine conduits through the equalization header, a drainage expansion section to accommodate stresses, and drainage bypass connections; and flow through serpentine conduits in upstream and downstream directions, mixed flow directions and longitudinally staggered directions.

A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal transformation processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions.

A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal transformation processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions.

A cremation system has an exhaust gas/warm water heat exchanger which exchanges the heat of exhaust gas from a re-combustion furnace with the heat of a medium, and a buffer tank and flow rate regulating valves for suppressing temperature changes of the medium. A medium turbine is driven by an evaporator which generates working medium steam by heating and evaporating a low-boiling working medium with the heat of the medium, and power is generated by a power generator. A buffer tank is further provided to suppress temperature changes of the medium flowing from the evaporator into the exhaust gas/warm water heat exchanger. A power control device supplies the generated power to devices constituting the cremation system, while covering any shortfall in power required by the devices with power from an external power source.

A cremation system has an exhaust gas/warm water heat exchanger which exchanges the heat of exhaust gas from a re-combustion furnace with the heat of a medium, and a buffer tank and flow rate regulating valves for suppressing temperature changes of the medium. A medium turbine is driven by an evaporator which generates working medium steam by heating and evaporating a low-boiling working medium with the heat of the medium, and power is generated by a power generator. A buffer tank is further provided to suppress temperature changes of the medium flowing from the evaporator into the exhaust gas/warm water heat exchanger. A power control device supplies the generated power to devices constituting the cremation system, while covering any shortfall in power required by the devices with power from an external power source.

A system for preheating a heat recovery steam generator is provided. The system includes a tank and a heat exchanger. The tank contains a transferring medium. The heat exchanger is disposed in a flow path of a flue gas produced by a combustion chamber, and is fluidly connected to the tank such that the transferring medium flows through the heat exchanger and is heated by the flue gas. The transferring medium preheats one or more components of the heat recovery steam generator.

The present invention relates to a method for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process, wherein the fuel combustion process comprises combusting fuel introduced into the fuel combustion process. Further, the invention relates to an apparatus for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process.

A thermodynamic system for powering a reciprocating device includes a refrigerant passing in a closed loop between a refrigerant compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. The system includes a heat source for heating the refrigerant, and an engine for receiving the heated refrigerant. The engine includes a housing, a shaft axially movable within the housing, a piston attached to the shaft, a shifter for reversing piston direction, and porting for passing the refrigerant into and out of the engine housing.