Disclosed are a test loop for simulating a steam generator with or without an axial economizer and a test method thereof. The loop includes a cooling water loop, a water supply loop, a recirculated water loop and a power supply. The cooling water loop is used for condensing and cooling wet steam and providing the wet steam to the water supply loop and the recirculated water loop. The water supply loop is used for providing cold-state water supply for a test device, the recirculated water loop is used for reheating cooled water to be saturated and providing the water to the test device. The power supply is used for supplying power to heating equipment and an electric heater in the test device. The present disclosure provides a test method of the loop. Simulation tests can be carried out on a steam generator with or without an axial economizer.

A steam generator is provided. The steam generator may include a steam chamber, a steam heater to supply heat into the steam chamber, a water supply, through which water to generate steam may be supplied into the steam chamber, one or more interference members disposed in the steam chamber to interfere with a flow of the water introduced through the water supply, and at least one discharge to discharge the steam generated in the steam chamber. The one or more interference members may be disposed under the at least one discharge and above the water supply.

A steam generator and a cooking apparatus including a steam generator are provided. The steam generator may include a heater, an inflow tube, a steam generation tube, and a discharge tube and an adaptor unit connected to the steam generator may be provided. The inflow tube and the discharge tube and the discharge tube may be connected at a predetermined angle to the adaptor unit. Thus, the steam generation tube connecting the inflow tube to the discharge tube may also be inclined.

A steam generator and a cooking apparatus having a steam generator are provided. The steam generator may include a steam generation tube; an inflow tube configured to provide a passage so that water is introduced into the steam generation tube; at least one heater disposed on an outer surface of the steam generation tube to heat the water and generate steam; a discharge tube disposed above the steam generation tube to provide a passage so that the steam is discharged; and an adaptor unit configured to branch discharge water and the steam discharged from the discharge tube. The discharge tube may have an inner diameter that gradually increases in an upward direction.

The present disclosure relates to atomizers for an aerosol delivery device such as a smoking article. The atomizer may include a liquid transport element and a wire extending along at least a portion of a longitudinal length thereof. The wire may define contact portions configured to engage heater terminals and a heating portion configured to produce heat. The heating portion may include a variable coil spacing. In other atomizers, the wire may extend at least partially through the liquid transport element proximate the contact portions. Related inputs, cartridges, aerosol production assemblies, and methods of forming atomizers are also provided.

An electric heater (1) comprising:—a metal body (2);—a first pipe (11) and a second pipe (12) provided in the metal body (2), which are mutually distinct so as to be crossed by two distinct flows of fluid to be heated;—a first heating stretch (21), a second heating stretch (22) and a third heating stretch (23) are arranged in the metal body (2); wherein the first pipe (11) and the second pipe (12) are arranged between the first heating stretch (21) and the second heating stretch (22); wherein the third heating stretch (23) is proximal to the second pipe (12) and distal from the first pipe (11); and wherein second pipe (12) is arranged between the first pipe (11) and the third heating stretch (23).

Vaporizer cores are disclosed including a housing and a chamber where the chamber includes a porous lattice structure that is thermally conductive. Further, the housing and the chamber including the porous lattice structure are formed as a single integral structure. Three-dimensional (3D) printing can be used to form the housing and the chamber including the porous lattice structure as a single integral structure. For certain embodiments, a concentric-circle fin design, a crisscross fin design, or a conical fin design is used to form the porous lattice structure for the vaporizer chamber. For further embodiments, techniques are implemented to resolve potential problems with 3D printing of the vaporizer cores. One example technique is encapsulation of the vaporizer core within a shell, such as a two-piece shell, to resolve potential problems with leaks. Disclosed embodiments for the vaporizer cores provide manufacturing, material, and design improvements to prior solutions.

The present invention allows individual control of an output voltage of a main transformer and an output voltage of a teaser transformer while utilizing output characteristics of the respective transformer when a Scott connected transformer has control equipment arranged on the input side thereof, including first control equipment arranged in one of two phases of the main transformer on the input side in order to control a voltage or a current and second control equipment arranged in one end of a primary coil of the teaser transformer on the input side in order to control a voltage or a current, the control equipment controlling an output voltage of the main transformer and an output voltage of the teaser transformer individually.

A steam generator system for a cooking appliance includes an in-line heating element coupled to a heating tube, wherein water from a water reservoir is gravitationally fed into the heating tube for heating by the in-line heating element to produce a hot water and steam mixture. A first supply line is coupled to the heating tube to carry the mixture to a separator without the need for moving or complex pump parts. The separator separates steam and hot water from the mixture of the two. A second supply line is coupled to the separator at a first end and opens into the cooking cavity of the cooking appliance at a second end. The second supply line is configured to supply steam separated at the separator to the cooking cavity via a steam outlet disposed in the cooking cavity.

Provided is a boiler for heating fluid by a heat generation unit including heat generation bodies in a container, the boiler being able to moderately heat fluid according to various situations while heat generated by the heat generation bodies can be efficiently utilized. A boiler for heating fluid by using heat generated by heat generation bodies includes the heat generation bodies and a container having the heat generation bodies inside and configured such that the inside of the container is filled with gas with higher specific heat than that of air. The boiler includes a controller configured to control a heat generation amount of the heat generation body under a situation where the gas has been supplied into the container.