A method of forming a flat bar is provided. A tube is provided having an inside surface and an outside surface. The outside surface of the tube can be clad with a nickel or stainless alloy material. A helix shaped strip can be cut from the tube. The helix shaped strip can be uncoiled to form an uncoiled strip, and the uncoiled strip can be straightened and flattened to meet mill standards.

The present invention provides a corrosion-resistant structure for a high-temperature water system comprising: a structural material 1; and a corrosion-resistant film 3 formed from a substance containing at least one of La and Y deposited on a surface in a side that comes in contact with a cooling water 4, of the structural material 1 which constitutes the high-temperature water system that passes a cooling water 4 of high temperature therein. Due to above construction, there can be provided the corrosion-resistant structure and a corrosion-preventing method capable of operating a plant without conducting a water chemistry control of cooling water by injecting chemicals.

A modular heat recovery steam generator (mHRSG) comprises a first boiler module comprising a plurality of pipes having at least one pipe with a flanged end; a first piping deck comprising a plurality of pipes having at least one pipe with a flanged end, wherein the pipe with the flanged end is secured to the pipe with the flanged end of the first boiler module using bolts; a second boiler module comprising a plurality of pipes having at least one pipe with a flanged end; a second piping deck comprising a plurality of pipes having at least one pipe with a flanged end, wherein the pipe with the flanged end is secured to the pipe with the flanged end of the second boiler module using bolts; and a main stack. The first boiler module is operatively coupled to the second boiler module and the second boiler module is operatively coupled to the main stack.

A heat exchanger apparatus includes a tube having a wall with an inner surface and an outer surface. The tube is configured to receive heat exchange fluid at one end, and output, when heated through the wall, vapor of the heat exchange fluid at the opposing end. A first layer of thermally conductive porous material is disposed on the inner surface of the tube. Heating equipment, a heat exchanger, and a method of heating are also disclosed.

A method for recovering heat from a flue gas from an engine and a heat recovery system are described. The method involves contacting coolant in a vaporization chamber with a plurality of flow-modifying structures. The structures are arranged in series in the direction of the flow of coolant liquid and are each configured for modifying the flow of the coolant liquid and the vapour in said vaporization chamber.

An economizer having a structure capable of efficiently warming water and facilitating inspection and cleaning is obtained.

In an economizer for warming water by combustion exhaust gas generated by a boiler, to a cylindrical water pipe in which an inflow port and an outflow port are formed on a side surface and through which the water passes, a plurality of gas pipes erected for circulating the combustion exhaust gas are arranged in corresponding fan-shaped portions of the water pipe. The combustion exhaust gas introduced from a bottom surface side of the water pipe folds back at an upper part of the water pipe and flows downward, then folds back at a lower part of the water pipe, flows upward, and flows out from an upper surface side of the water pipe, whereby the plurality of gas pipes efficiently warms the water in the water pipe.

An economizer having a structure capable of efficiently warming water and facilitating inspection and cleaning is obtained. In an economizer for warming water by combustion exhaust gas generated by a boiler, to a cylindrical water pipe in which an inflow port and an outflow port are formed on a side surface and through which the water passes, a plurality of gas pipes erected for circulating the combustion exhaust gas are arranged in corresponding fan-shaped portions of the water pipe. The combustion exhaust gas introduced from a bottom surface side of the water pipe folds back at an upper part of the water pipe and flows downward, then folds back at a lower part of the water pipe, flows upward, and flows out from an upper surface side of the water pipe, whereby the plurality of gas pipes efficiently warms the water in the water pipe.

Heat recovery steam generator-method, comprising a casing, upstream coils of heat exchanger tubes downstream from casing inlet, one or more feedwater heater coils in casing downstream from upstream coils, one or more low temperature heat exchanging coils in casing downstream from upstream coils, one or more low temperature heat exchanging coils within casing comprising corrosion-resistant, thermally conductive graphite component-thermoplastic polymer component composite material, a first flow conduit extending from low temperature heat exchanging coil to feedwater heater coil for water to flow from low temperature coil to feedwater heater coil; and second conduit extending from one or more feedwater heater coils to one or more of the upstream coils for flow from feedwater heater coil to one or more upstream coils, so gas passing through inlet passes through upstream coils through one or more feedwater heater coils and then through one or more low temperature coils.

Heat recovery steam generator-method, comprising a casing, upstream coils of heat exchanger tubes downstream from casing inlet, one or more feedwater heater coils in casing downstream from upstream coils, one or more low temperature heat exchanging coils in casing downstream from upstream coils, one or more low temperature heat exchanging coils within casing comprising corrosion-resistant, thermally conductive graphite component-thermoplastic polymer component composite material, a first flow conduit extending from low temperature heat exchanging coil to feedwater heater coil for water to flow from low temperature coil to feedwater heater coil; and second conduit extending from one or more feedwater heater coils to one or more of the upstream coils for flow from feedwater heater coil to one or more upstream coils, so gas passing through inlet passes through upstream coils through one or more feedwater heater coils and then through one or more low temperature coils.

A steam dispersion system including insulation is disclosed. The steam dispersion system may include a steam dispersion tube with at least one opening defined on an outer surface of the steam dispersion tube and a hollow interior. The insulation covers at least a portion of the steam dispersion tube, the insulation defining an opening aligned with the opening of the steam dispersion tube, wherein the insulation meets 25/50 flame/smoke indexes for UL723/ASTM E-84 and has a thermal conductivity less than about 0.35 Watts/m-K (2.4 in-hr/ft{circumflex over ( )}2 deg F.). A nozzle defining a throughhole may be placed within the opening of the steam dispersion tube, the throughhole being in fluid communication with the hollow interior of the steam dispersion tube to provide a steam exit.