The utility model relates to thermal power engineering, particularly to heating devices in which wood fuel undergoes high-temperature gasification (pyrolysis). The problem which the claimed utility model addresses is that of the consistent and environmentally clean combustion of wood fuel possessing a natural (that is, high) moisture content. The technical result is achieved in that the device includes a vertically-oriented additional gas duct through which the moisture contained in the fuel is removed in the form of of steam from the upper part of a fuel hopper to a flame in an afterburn chamber, wherein carbon monoxide mixed with steam is burned off and does not enter the atmosphere.

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.

An environmentally friendly combustion chamber for stable combustion of biomass gasification combustible gas. The combustion chamber is divided into a first stage cavity body (45) and a second stage cavity body (48) by a honeycomb-shaped heat storage body (46). A combustion pipe (41) is connected to a biomass gas inlet and a primary air distribution pipe (54), the combustion pipe (41) is connected to the first stage cavity body (45), and an ignition gun (42) and a thermocouple T1 are arranged on the first stage cavity body (45). A secondary air distribution pipe (47), opposite the honeycomb-shaped heat storage body (46), and a thermocouple T2 are arranged within the second stage cavity body (48), and the second stage cavity body (48) is connected to an outlet high temperature flue gas pipe (51). The primary air distribution pipe (54), a primary air volume adjustment valve (52), the secondary air distribution pipe (47) and a secondary air volume adjustment valve (53) are connected together to an air supply fan (49), and a controller (50) is connected to the thermocouple T1, the thermocouple T2, the primary air volume adjustment valve (52), the secondary air volume adjustment valve (53) and the air supply fan (49). The combustion chamber solves the problems of unstable combustion flames in traditional combustors, and high nitrogen oxide amounts in tail flue gas.

The present invention is directed to an apparatus for domestic hot water and electricity production by the use of a natural organic fuel, the apparatus comprising a separated chambers pyrolysis furnace comprising: a) a pyrolysis chamber wherein the fuel is heated, substantially in the absence of oxygen at a temperature capable of causing pyrolysis of fuel; b) a combustion chamber of the pyrolyzed fuel, wherein the pyrolyzed fuel is burned in the presence of an air flux. The invention is also directed to an apparatus for the production of domestic hot water and electricity, which apparatus comprises: the above defined furnace; b) a heat exchanger connected to the exit of the exhausted gas, wherein domestic water is heated; c) a power generator connected with the exit of syngas, wherein syngas produced in the pyrolysis chamber is used as a fuel.

The present invention is directed to an apparatus for domestic hot water and electricity production by the use of a natural organic fuel, the apparatus comprising a separated chambers pyrolysis furnace comprising: a) a pyrolysis chamber wherein the fuel is heated, substantially in the absence of oxygen at a temperature capable of causing pyrolysis of fuel; b) a combustion chamber of the pyrolyzed fuel, wherein the pyrolyzed fuel is burned in the presence of an air flux. The invention is also directed to an apparatus for the production of domestic hot water and electricity, which apparatus comprises: the above defined furnace; b) a heat exchanger connected to the exit of the exhausted gas, wherein domestic water is heated; c) a power generator connected with the exit of syngas, wherein syngas produced in the pyrolysis chamber is used as a fuel.

An example managed biochar kiln includes drum walls, a drum floor, and a lid formed to be fitted to a top edge of the drum walls to close a top end of the drum walls and form a combustion chamber between the lid, the drum walls, and the drum floor. The example managed biochar kiln also includes a chimney stack attachable to the lid. The example managed biochar kiln also includes a valve on the lid operable by an electronic controller to vary airflow through the chimney and out of the lid.

An example managed biochar kiln includes drum walls, a drum floor, and a lid formed to be fitted to a top edge of the drum walls to close a top end of the drum walls and form a combustion chamber between the lid, the drum walls, and the drum floor. The example managed biochar kiln also includes a chimney stack attachable to the lid. The example managed biochar kiln also includes a valve on the lid operable by an electronic controller to vary airflow through the chimney and out of the lid.

The invention provides a pyrolysis reaction system, the system comprising: a pyrolysis chamber comprising a feed inlet, a gas inlet and a product outlet, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is configured i) to receive a pyrolysable organic feed and an inert gas via the feed inlet and gas inlet respectively, ii) to pyrolyse the organic feed at a pyrolysis temperature to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas, wherein the pyrolysis gas will combine with the inert gas to form a gas mixture having a pyrolysis chamber pressure in the pyrolysis chamber, and iii) to discharge the carbonaceous pyrolysis product via the product outlet; a gas reactor configured to react the pyrolysis gas by combustion and/or carbon deposition at a gas reaction temperature and a gas reactor pressure; and a first partition defining a boundary between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, the first partition comprising a plurality of first apertures to provide fluid communication between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reaction system is operable with the gas reactor pressure less than the pyrolysis chamber pressure such that the gas mixture flows from the pyrolysis chamber to the gas reactor through the first apertures, thereby providing at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas for reaction in the gas reactor.

The invention provides a pyrolysis reaction system, the system comprising: a pyrolysis chamber comprising a feed inlet, a gas inlet and a product outlet, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is configured i) to receive a pyrolysable organic feed and an inert gas via the feed inlet and gas inlet respectively, ii) to pyrolyse the organic feed at a pyrolysis temperature to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas, wherein the pyrolysis gas will combine with the inert gas to form a gas mixture having a pyrolysis chamber pressure in the pyrolysis chamber, and iii) to discharge the carbonaceous pyrolysis product via the product outlet; a gas reactor configured to react the pyrolysis gas by combustion and/or carbon deposition at a gas reaction temperature and a gas reactor pressure; and a first partition defining a boundary between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, the first partition comprising a plurality of first apertures to provide fluid communication between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reaction system is operable with the gas reactor pressure less than the pyrolysis chamber pressure such that the gas mixture flows from the pyrolysis chamber to the gas reactor through the first apertures, thereby providing at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas for reaction in the gas reactor.

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.