A burner assembly for top combustion hot blast stove including a burner surrounded by a burner shell, where the burner has a circular cross-section; a number of air nozzles arranged for tangentially feeding air to the burner, the air nozzles being connected to one or more air distribution chambers; a number of gas nozzles arranged for tangentially feeding gas to the burner, the gas nozzles being connected to one or more gas distribution chambers; wherein the air nozzles are arranged in one or more inclined or vertical stacked arrays of air nozzles, each inclined or vertical stacked array being in connection with one inclined or vertical air distribution chamber; the gas nozzles are arranged in one or more inclined or vertical stacked arrays of gas nozzles, each inclined or vertical stacked array being in connection with one inclined or vertical gas distribution chamber; and the inclined or vertical air distribution chamber(s) and the inclined or vertical gas distribution chamber(s) are arranged along the circumference of the burner shell.

An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

A gasification burner for a multiple-burner arrangement in an entrained-flow gasifier, in which the gasification burner extends along a main axis and in which the media for the gasification reaction in the gasification burner are guided in separate media channels and exit at the burner mouth in a direction having an angle to the main axis that is not zero. A vertical installation with an optimally adaptable flame shape is provided. Depending on the orientation of the burners, the flame shape is adaptable, whether it be a minimized total flame diameter for an initial slag formation of the cooling screen or an increase in the total twist of the total flame for an increased particle deposition on the reactor wall. The gasification burner with angled burner tips can be used as part of a retrofit.

A gasification burner for a multiple-burner arrangement in an entrained-flow gasifier, in which the gasification burner extends along a main axis and in which the media for the gasification reaction in the gasification burner are guided in separate media channels and exit at the burner mouth in a direction having an angle to the main axis that is not zero. A vertical installation with an optimally adaptable flame shape is provided. Depending on the orientation of the burners, the flame shape is adaptable, whether it be a minimized total flame diameter for an initial slag formation of the cooling screen or an increase in the total twist of the total flame for an increased particle deposition on the reactor wall. The gasification burner with angled burner tips can be used as part of a retrofit.

A method is provided for heating a furnace arranged with a heating zone heated with a burner providing a flame extending in a longitudinal direction and fed with a fuel and a primary oxidant, the burner is operated with a mass relationship between the fed fuel and primary oxidant permitting less than 50% of the fed fuel to be combusted using the primary oxidant, and a respective pair of secondary oxidant lances are provided one either side of the furnace pointing into the heating zone, lancing a secondary oxidant into the heating zone downstream of the burner substantially parallel with a cross plane, such that a temperature is measured downstream of the lances and that each of the lance pairs includes an upstream, low-speed first and a downstream, high-speed second lance, wherein the amount of secondary oxidant supplied via the first lance is regulated to achieve a homogenous lateral temperature profile. A related furnace is also provided.

A method is provided for heating a furnace arranged with a heating zone heated with a burner providing a flame extending in a longitudinal direction and fed with a fuel and a primary oxidant, the burner is operated with a mass relationship between the fed fuel and primary oxidant permitting less than 50% of the fed fuel to be combusted using the primary oxidant, and a respective pair of secondary oxidant lances are provided one either side of the furnace pointing into the heating zone, lancing a secondary oxidant into the heating zone downstream of the burner substantially parallel with a cross plane, such that a temperature is measured downstream of the lances and that each of the lance pairs includes an upstream, low-speed first and a downstream, high-speed second lance, wherein the amount of secondary oxidant supplied via the first lance is regulated to achieve a homogenous lateral temperature profile. A related furnace is also provided.

A steam generating system includes a furnace, a nozzle tip assembly for pulverized coal and primary air as well as means for conveying secondary air in the furnace. The nozzle according to the invention comprises a nozzle body (3) and several channels (5) being connected with the nozzle body, the channels are diverging from each other. At the exit faces (17) of the channels obstructions (13) are disposed to induce huge turbulences of the primary air when entering the furnace. Due to these turbulences the primary air and the entrained coal are mixed very well before being combusted in the furnace. This results in a better more effective combustion with reduced NOx- emissions.

A steam generating system includes a furnace, a nozzle tip assembly for pulverized coal and primary air as well as means for conveying secondary air in the furnace. The nozzle according to the invention comprises a nozzle body (3) and several channels (5) being connected with the nozzle body, the channels are diverging from each other. At the exit faces (17) of the channels obstructions (13) are disposed to induce huge turbulences of the primary air when entering the furnace. Due to these turbulences the primary air and the entrained coal are mixed very well before being combusted in the furnace. This results in a better more effective combustion with reduced NOx- emissions.

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for operating a cyclone combustion furnace using gaseous fuel.